THE COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF TRE PLAINS OF INDIA. 117 



f/iape is onisciform, rounded at both ends (the head being hidden under 

 segment 2), broader in front than behind, broadest at segment 4/5, flanged 

 on margin, the Bpiracles being well above the flange ; each segment is 

 slightly constricted at margin ; the anal segment is perfectly convex ; 

 uot flattened in any way ; and the body is highest about segment 3/4 and 

 descends in the dorsal line evenly thence to both ends. Segment 2 is 

 semi-circular in shape and is higher at hinder margin than at front 

 margin where, like the rest of the body margin, it lies closely applied to 

 leaf surface ; segment 3 is somewhat suddenly higher than segment 2 

 dorsally at the common margin of the two segments. The head, rarely 

 visible, is roundish, smooth, shiny light green in colour ; with a large) 

 triangular clypeus ; labrum and jaws red-brown, eyes nearly black ; 

 antennal basal joint light green, second joint brownish. Surface of body 

 dull with the usual transverse folds : one in centre of each segment and the 

 segment margins ; the mouth-hke organ on segment 11 is transverse and 

 large; the circular organs on segment 12 are present. The co/owr of the larva 

 is green, rendered glaucous by the presence of all the little whitish 

 flattened hairs; with a dorsal yellowish-white (sometimes centred with 

 deep red and touched externally reddish) band as well as another sub- 

 spiracularonmarginof body and some short, diagonal, hardly visible, whitish 

 bands on each segment laterally ; the dorsal band spreading out on 

 segment 2 into an obsolescent patch. Larvae have sometimes a rosy tinge 

 along the dorsal line and margin of body. L : 11 mm. ; B : 4 mm. 



Pupa. — The pupa is of the ordinary shape of the genera Cyaniris, Poly- 

 ommatus, Catochrysops : ovoid, flattened ventrally, very gently and widely 

 constricted at segment 4/5, convex dorsally and humped at tlorax. It is 

 rounded at the anal end where the last segments are turned under, the 

 oremastral surface being ventral, rather large, oval with a ring of minute 

 liooklets all round ; the head is bowed towards ventrum and is hidden 

 under the hood-shaped second segment which is somewhat trapeze-shaped 

 in outline, though the corners are rounded ; the thorax is large, evenly 

 convex, highest about middle, produced forward in a gentle curve and 

 backwards in a stronger curve more or less triangularly ; the angle formed 

 by it, wings and segment 4 being deep, open and curved. The spiracles 

 of segment 2 are indicated by a slight raising of the hinder margin of 

 segment 2, forming a long, narrow, pinkish-yellow surface facing back- 

 wards ; the other spiracles are small, nearly round, prominent, white. 

 Surface of pupa is nearly smooth except for a patch of minute, erect, light 

 hairs laterally on segment and somewhat shiny. Colour is green, very 

 light on wings ; with a dark dorsal line marked with black, and a black 

 supraspiracular spot to each segment 3 to 12 with another similar spot 

 above it on segments 4 to 12 : at times may be nearly completely suft'used 

 with black. L : 7 mm. ; B : 8 mm. 



Habits. — The larva lives generally on the underside of yonng 

 leaves, eating the substance of the leaf, all but the upper cuticle, 

 in lines ; is generally attended by ants (Cremastogasier) and goeB 

 down to the ground to pupate though it sometimes changes in a 

 curled up, dry leaf on the bush or tree, the ants still guarding it in 

 this state. The pupa is, as usual, fixed by the tail and a bodyband. 

 Several larvss are often found on one bush or tree and their 

 presence is easily seen by the characteristic method of eating and,' 

 generally, by the attendant ants. The thin upper cuticle left 

 after the under substance of the leaf has been eaten, withers, 

 shrivels and turns brown in a short time, when it shows very dis- 



