THE COMMON BUTTERFLJES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 131 



ble cylinder or tube being white, with a thickened, subspherical extremity 

 set with fine rather long hairs; the gland on segment 11 mouth-shaped, 

 large, transverse, at hinder margin and, being the colour of the body, is not 

 always very conspicuous ; segments 13, 14 sloping at 30" to the longitudinal 

 axis, dorsally flattened. Head small and nearly white, round ; surface 

 shining, the jaws brown with a black spot inside the eye-curve ; the clypeus 

 is large and triangular. Spiracles small, round, white, flush ; those of 

 segments 2, 12 larger, oval. Surface of body extremely minutely hairy and 

 shagreened and has a frosted appearance besides because of the covering of 

 larger though still minute, sparsely disposed, silvery-white, short, star- 

 topped hairs which, on the anal segments, are mixed with some brown 

 minute, simple ones ; there is a dorsoventral, single row of conspicuous, longer, 

 light-coloured, slightly curved hairs all round the body, about 5 to each 

 segment on each side, which rise from slightly more elongated star-topped 

 hairs or tubercles — these hairs may be brown on segments 2 and 3 and all 

 of them are about one-third or one-fourth as long as the body is broad ; 

 on segments 2-9 there are 2-4 erect, curved, dark similar, though, perhaps, 

 stouter hairs to each segment one behind the other, all subdorsal ; on the 

 anal segments there are some few somewhat flattened, pointed, translucent 

 hairs ; and on all segments there may be groups of star-topped, brown 

 tubercles more minute than the sparsely disposed, larger ones. Colour 

 grass-green with a lighter, yellowish, subdorsal line or thin band (the dorsal 

 space betwen often filled in with yellow and suftused with deep rose-brown 

 in places) on which are the subdorsal hairs — which hairs, by the way, rise 

 from conical tubercles ; the broad dorsal band formed by the filling in 

 with yellow is sometimes also bordered neatly Avith rose-brown in which 

 case it contrasts strongly with the pure green of the whole of the rest 

 of the larva. The tubercles of the subdorsal hairs are light yellowish in 

 colour; ventrum darker green on sides. L: 11 mm.; B; 4 mm.; H: 2 

 mm. 



Pupa. — Free marginal outline of segment 2 semi-circular, somewhat 

 flattened in the middle ; head completely hidden from above, high ; the 

 general shape of whole pupa normal, dorsal constriction behind thorax 

 normal, the lateral constriction very slight : anal end rounded, segment 14 

 turned under ; apex of thorax and segment 7 about the same height ; 

 the hinder margin of the former a semi-circular curve meeting the wing- 

 line in a deep, broadly rounded angle of about 4o . Spiracles of segment 2 

 white, linear, slightly raised, the rest of the spiracles small, round, flush, 

 white. Surface slightly shining, nearly smooth except for some slight, 

 transverse, acicular lines and a covering, not in any way dense, of very 

 minute, erect, pointed, simple hairs and star-topped ones mixed. Colour 

 green, the wings lighter ; yellowish on abdomen with a darkish green, 

 dorsal line and an indistinct, yellow, spiracular line ; a row of black, 

 laterodorsal spots, one to each segment ; a large dorsal one on hinder 

 margin of segment 2 ; a dorsal, central one on segment 4 : black, as well as 

 the tips of shoulders and sprinkling of others more or less promiscuously. 

 L : 7" 5 mm. ; B : 3" 5 mm . ; H : 3 mm. 



Habits : — The egg is laid, always one at a time, among the red 

 hairs in the axils of leaf-stalks, thorns or on a stalk, also on the 

 leaves ; the young egg-larva is very depressed in shape and white 

 and feeds only upon the underside and substance beneath the upper 

 cuticle of the young leaves ; when full-grown, but not before, 

 they eat the whole thickness through from the edge. It rests in 

 the ends of the eaten passages or ways or in the axils of the veins 



