138 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXVI. 



are slightly rough. L. : 17mm.; B: 5'omm.; H: o mm. ; L of towers: 

 3iQm. 



Pupa. (PI. n., fig. 28a) — The shape of the pupa is also abnormal (PI. II., 

 fig. 28a). It is semi-ellipsoid cut through the longitudinal axis, somewhat 

 abnormally broadened behind and narrowed in front ; the head is altogether 

 ventral ; the body is highest at the thorax and of the same height as far as 

 the common margin of segments 6, 7 ; broadest at the common margin of 

 segments 7, 8 ; the ventrum being absolutely one plane, quite flat and 

 closely applied to the resting-surface ; there is no constriction behind 

 thorax either laterally or dorsally ; the front margin of pupa is semi-circu- 

 larly rounded ; the anal extremity is hoof-shaped and narrowed and there 

 is slight lateral constriction just before it, the dorsal slope of the front of 

 the pupa is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body as well as 

 the edges of the pupa all round as far down as segment 10 ; the dorsal line 

 of the anal segments are inclined to the resting surface at a considerable 

 angle. The spiracles of segment 2 are linear and white ; the rest are 

 narrowly oval and of ordinary size. The surface is minutely punctured, 

 shining, covered with a sparse clothing of short, erect, white hairs on the 

 front of the eyes ; a rugose, yellow, spade-shaped surface with its apex 

 directed forwards on dorsum of the posterior slope of thorax. Colour green 

 or rose with a subdorsal and lateral, obsolescent, darker band and the 

 spade-shaped, large and conspicuous, yellow mark on dorsum of the hinder 

 slope of thorax. L. 10mm. ; B : 7mm. ; H : omm. 



Habits. — The egg is laid on flowers or young leaves upon which 

 the larva always feeds ; it rests, in its earlier stages, always on the 

 undersides of leaves but, when full-grown, it is often found on the 

 uppersides. It is never attended by ants. The eggs take three 

 days to hatch. The little larva eats its way out through the top 

 and sometimes eats the shell as a first meal ; it then eats the young 

 leaf in holes and is, in its first stage, without any sign of the 

 towers on segment 12 ; these appear in the second stage. It 

 starts eating from the edge of the leaf from the third stage. It 

 grows rapidly, taking only ten days from the time it comes out of 

 the Qgg until it changes to a pupa ; the butterfly appears in about 

 four days after pupation. The pupa is formed on the upperside 

 of a leaf as a rule and is attached strongly by the tail and a tight 

 body-band. It makes a quick, knocking noise when touched by 

 moving up and down in a very small angle from the tail. The 

 butterfly is a strong and powerful flier, the male being found 

 basking on tree-tops and elsewhere on the uppersides of leaves in 

 the sun, the wings slightly separated from each other ; it darts at 

 any passing object and, pursuing it a short way, returns often to 

 the same perch, or flies about backwards and forwards seemingly 

 just for a little exercise before doing so. When at absolute rest 

 it sits on the undersides of leaves with the wings closed and only 

 the white undersides showing. The female is more often met with 

 amongst the undergrowth near the ground but also flies high at 

 times. She also basks for short periods like the male but lower 

 down as a rule and is not often seen on hill-tops and high trees. 

 They both like the sun but do not seem to come much to flowers ; 



