THE COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 441 



markings : — One straight across middle of cell, linear with a broken continuation 

 above between vein 12 and cell ; one on each side of the discoceUular nervnles, 

 close together, straight, sometimes converging at the ends ; a short, outwardly- 

 curved Imiule in interspaces 11, 10, 9 just under the costa and each one in 

 succession further out than the preceding ; the outermost one of these forming 

 the upper end of a postdiscal series of similar markings in the interspaces down 

 to vein 1, the third moved inwards and broken from the line, the fourth, fifth 

 and sixth continuous amongst themselves but broken from the rest and moved 

 outwards in a curve, the seventh and eighth straight ; a subterminal series of 

 small, round spots from interspace 1 to 6 ; a dark, fine anteciliary line some- 

 times edged fhiely paler inside ; the cilia dark-brown at base, pale beyond. 

 Hind wing : a subbasal line of lunules from vein 7 to vein 1, all inwardly bordered 

 thinly with white, the line broken and curved ; a pair of discoceUular lines as 

 on fore wing but fainter ; a medial, cm'ved, transverse line of outwardly convex 

 lunules in the interspaces from 7 downwards broken inwards in interspaces 

 5, 6 and again in 3, 2, &c., these lunules being very highly curved : all edged 

 outwardly with white but most prominently in the upper part of the line ; a 

 postdiscal series of inwardly-convex, similar Imiules forming a continuous lice 

 from vein 7 to the inner margin above anal lobe, the last Imiule rmming uji 

 parallel to the inner margin ; a series of submarginal spots as on fore wing, often 

 very indistinct ; an anteciliary, dark-brown, fuie line edged inwardly finely 

 white as on forewing ; cilia also as on fore wing ; the anal lobe often dull orange- 

 brown. Female. — ^With one extra tail, to the end of vein 2, shorter and broader 

 than the longer one at end of vein 1. Upperside : both wings glossy, smokey 

 brown, varying in shade with a purplish tint at times. Fore wing : the middle 

 of disc often paler ; cilia, darker brown. Hind wing : similarly brown ; cilia 

 often lighter towards anal angle. Underside : as in the male exactly except 

 that the orange on the anal lobe is brighter. Antennae, dark-brown above, 

 speckled with white below, with the bluntly pointed, rounded club orange; frons 

 brown, darker above; palpi , head thorax and abdomen darkish- brown above; 

 below everything light-brown. Expanse : 41 mm. and under. 



The males are often only 26 mm. in expanse ; the undersides are then rather 

 faintly marked, the subterminal lunulate spots and postdiscal lines of the hind 

 wings being particularly affected. 



Egg. — ^Depressed hemis'pherical in shape, covered with coarse, conical, 

 round-topped risings each one connected with those surromiding it by fine, 

 low ridges ; hardly two of the risings are the same size, the largest being 

 situated round the greatest breadth of the egg ; on the summit is a lace-work 

 of thick-walled cells without any thickening at the intersections of the lines 

 and the micropyle is a small perforation in the centre ; the gromid-colom' is 

 green, all the walls and thickenings are white. B : 0.8 mm. H : 0.4 mm. 



Larva. — The shape of the larva is not normal, being rather lengthened, depres- 

 sed and parallel-sided. The head is hidden under the large second segment 

 at all times ; this segment 2 is more or less semi-circular in outline with the 

 dorsum taken as a whole parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pupa but slop- 

 ing up towards the much higher segment 3 at the hinder margin, has the 

 middle of the dorsum depressed to form a diamond, of which the greatest length 

 is on the dorsal line and of which the surface is shining, the margins of the seg- 

 ment thus being thickened all round the free part but having the dorsal line 

 of the front deeply depressed so that the thickened margins of each side end in 

 what looks like a small subdorsal knob ; segment 3 is very little broader than 

 segment 2 but a good deal higher ; segment 4 is broader than 3 and forms the 

 highest part of the larva and the breadth remains the same thence backwards 

 o segment 9, the height very gradually decreases backwards to segment^lO ; 



