THE COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 469 



round ; ventral line from head to end of wings at posterior margin of segment 

 8 is straight, the distance from segment 9 to anal end being short and at an angle 

 to it ; the distance from front to end of thorax is nearly half the whole length 

 of the pupa measured in a straight line. Surface of pupa transversely striate- 

 roughened with two subdorsal, small tubercles on each side on thorax, a slight, 

 roughness on each shoulders, a central, dorsal collection of small tubercles, 

 ten in number on segments 6-9 and a spiracular collection round each spiracle 

 of 2 or 3 on the same segment ; there are no hairs. SjnracJes of segment 2 oval, 

 raised, facing forwards, light in colour, rest large, oval, light, those of segments 

 10, 11 being in rather deep depressions. Colour of pupa is rather light yellow- 

 brown suffused dorsally with wliite as well as along the edges of wings ; a black 

 patch round the spiracle of segment 2 and another, lateral, on each of the 

 segments 9-14 ; another, lateral, on segment 5 ; the white marking and black 

 patches, when the pupa is looked at from above, resemble an old man's face, 

 or a monkey's, the abdomen being the fore head, the white dorsal thoracic 

 marking the nose, the black marks on segment 5, the eyes and the rounded front' 

 margin of segment 2, the mouth. L : 15 mm.; B : 6. 5 mm,; H : 6. 5 mm. 



Habits. — The habits are much the same as those of other members 

 of the genus or those of the different species of Camena. The eggs 

 are laid, always singly, but often many on the same plant, in the 

 axils of flowers, on the flowers, their stalks and other places. The 

 young larvte often eat into flower-buds but also live on the young 

 shoots of leaves. When full-grown they live anywhere on the plant, 

 among the flowers and on the branches, leaves, &c. The butterfly 

 chooses plants near the ground as a rule to lay her eggs on and always 

 selects shady spots in the jungle. It is an insect of the forest and 

 hills where there is heavy rainfall and is never found in the Plains. 

 It is fairly plentiful on the coast in Kanara in Bombay where it was 

 originally bred in the height of the monsoon. It flies well and does 

 not like the sun ; it therefore keeps to shady places, is not often seen 

 except round the food-plants and never goes to flowers or, as far as 

 is known, to water. It rests with the wings closed as a rule and 

 rarely basks with the wings slightly opened. It never flies far at a 

 time and has the habit of walking slowly about when sitting. The 

 pupa is formed along a stem with the head pointing downwards and 

 is attached only by the tail, there being no vestige of a body-string. 

 Ants of the genus Cremastogaster attend the caterpillers. Larvae 

 have always been found on the same species of Lorantlius, namely, 

 elasticus which is very plentiful on Mango trees and Pipal, a species 

 with smooth, hard, oval leaves often spotted with reddish and flowers 

 with no stalks in circles round the branches. The insect is found in 

 Sikkim, Assam, Bengal and Southern India : Kanara, Travancore 

 and the Nilgiris ; the Malay Peninsula ; Nias Island ; Sumatra ; 

 Borneo and Java. 



174- Tajuria cippus, AurivilUius. — Male (PI. H., fig, 53). — Upperside: 

 both wings brilliant cyaneous-blue, the costal border of fore wing and outer 

 margin of both wings deep, glossy black, broadening out on the fore wing to 

 include the whole outer, apical portion outside a line starting at the middle 

 of the costa and ending at the tcrnal angle ; the abdominal fold of hind wing- 



