THE COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 471 



and brown, six-sided surface bordered on segment 4 ijosteriorly by a low 

 transverse carination ; each segment 6-10 is higher at the posterior margin 

 on the dorsum than the succeeding segment at the front margin; the gland 

 on segment 11 is present; the organs on segment 12 are also present. The 

 surface is shining, rather oily-looking and is more or less irregularly corrugated 

 and pitted all over ; it is quite naked. The S2nracles are round, rather 

 jn-ominent and brown in colour. The colour of the larva is ashy grey with 

 the following markings: segments 2 to 5 nearly totally suffused with dark-grey; 

 segments (i-10 dark on dorsal area, each with a short, curved, subdorsal, 

 black line, dorsum of segment 10 and 11 very dark ; laterally a semicircular 

 patch of dark-grey reaching from the dorsoventral margin half way up the 

 body stretching from the anterior margin of segment 8 to the posterior- 

 margin of 10; a black spot at posterior margin of segment 12, two small, impress- 

 ed, subdorsal, black lines on segment 14 ; segments 6-10 each with a yellow, 

 dorsal spot on the hinder margin ; ventrum pallid. Sometimes the dark-grey 

 is replaced by dark red. L. : 18 mm. ; B : 6 mm. at broadest part. 



Pwpa. — (PI. II., fig. 26a.) Abnormal in s/(Oj;e, like that of T. indra, with 

 a considerable, rounded constriction behind thorax and a " stalk " composed 

 of segments 12-14, the last (anal segment) spread out in the shape of a rather 

 high horse's hoof (this is, however, variable with the circumstances of attach- 

 ment). Head hidden under segment 2, inclined towards ventrum ; segment 

 2 rather long, with a rather deep emargination in the dorsal region of the front 

 margin, the dorsal ascent is steep and in the same jjlane as that of the anterior 

 slope of thorax, the thorax very much humjaed with an anteriorly-curved,, 

 transverse ridge over the vertex from which the descent to the 5th segment is 

 rapid : segment 5, 6 again ascend in dorsal line to the middle of the latter 

 segment whence the descent to anal extremity begins gradually at first, then 

 more rapidly ; the pupa is highest and broadest at segments, 6, 7 but nor very 

 much broader than it is at the shoulders, the portion between these points 

 being narrower gradually ; the ventral line is straight from head to segment 8 

 then bent abruptly at an obtuse angle and is straight again to end, this angle 

 of bend depending much on the length of the " stalk " which is very variable r, 

 the dorsal slope of segments 11-14 is generally straight and about 40*^ to the 

 sm-face of attachment. Surface of larva moderately shining with the following 

 transverse ridges, &c.: — the one above mentioned on the thorax; one, central 

 across segment 6 made up of the lateral halves, each curved concavely back- 

 wards the ends of the curves meeting on the dorsal line ; similar bisinuate 

 ridge on segment 7 ; segment 8 again similar but the ridge less pronounced ; 

 the whole pupa covered with minute spots, the thorax somewhat lumpy on the 

 surface. Spiracles of the segment 2 raised, longly oval, yellow with the siu'face 

 much pitted. Colour of the pupa is brownish-grey beautifully marked with 

 light-green, the sides of the abdomen bright green : the highest points 

 with light brown and the depressions with velvety black. L : 15 mm. ; 

 B : 6 mm. 



Habits. — De Niceville quotes " T. longinus is not only the commonest 

 and widest-spread species in the genus, but it is also one of the most 

 beautiful, the blue coloration of the upperside in the male being 

 exquisite. In Calcutta I have found it abundant on the flowers of 

 Poinsettia during the winter." Longinus is the old name for cippus. 

 It does not often come to flowers, neither does it drink from moist 

 sand or earth. It is generally found about foliage and then always 

 foliage of trees, rarely low down ; it occasionally may be seen basking 

 with its Avings partly opened (only the male) but even that not often. 



