THE COMMON B UTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 479 



at the extremity rather broadly and has hairs on the margin like segment 2, 

 the body is transversely convex, longitudinally and dorsally straight from 

 segment 3-12 ; segment 13 is visible dorsally ; segment 12 very short, 

 the organs provided with a permanently exserted, cylindrical, longish tube 

 with a dentate edge to the opening, and some hairs round the mouthy from 

 which is protruded a short, Avhite body Mith a brush-end ; the gland on segment 

 11 is transverse, close to the hinder margin and not easily seen ; vcntrum flat. 

 Surface of larva is covered with minute !-tar-topped, silvery hairs or tubercles, 

 those on certain places taking the colour of the ground ; a dense fringe of rather 

 long, white, erect hairs all round dorsoventral margin as well as transversely 

 across segment 13 between the bases of the organs ; on the dorsum of segments 

 4 to 9 there may be a central, de^iressed-looking, circular, black mark. Spiracles 

 quite large, oval and the colour of the body. Colour of body is greenish covered 

 all over thickly with brown speckles (or smokey-brown) ; the whole body dorsally, 

 as far as a lateral line, dark-grey ; a double black dorsal line (or none) ; 

 each segment 3-9 may have a red-yellow mark along posterior margin, one on 

 each side of dorsal line ; each segment 3-11 may have a short, dorsolateral streak, 

 white or a white spot on a dark ground ; front margins of segments 2-4 also 

 reddish-yellow and the occiput of the head may be the same colour. L : 20mm. ; 

 B : 4mm. ; H : 3' .5mm. 



Pupa. — The shape is more or less normal except that the anal segment is 

 somewhat horse-hoof -shaped ; the body rather narrow. Segment 2 compara- 

 tively rather narrow and short, hiding the head from above, transversely convex, 

 semicircular in front, slightly carinated in the dorsal line (very slightly), slight- 

 ly triangularly emarginate in dorsal line of front margin ; the head has the frons 

 in a place perjiendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pupa or even a little in- 

 clined ventrally, the frons rounded and high ; the lateral margins of segment 2 

 are parallel, the shoulders somewhat prominent and a good deal broader than seg- 

 ment 2 and are lumpy -romided, wings having their inner margins also parallel 

 from shoulders to segment 8, the abdomen perhaps a little broader than should- 

 ers about segment 8, then decreasing to the end which may either be somewhat 

 tm-ned under or not and is slightly horse-hoof shaped as far as the last segment 

 is concerned ; the dorsal line of segment 2 rises very gradually towards hinder 

 margin ; thorax only slightly humped, the dorsal rise from segment 2 gradual, 

 the apex rather for back with the descent to segment 4 short and steep, the 

 dorsal line perhaps slightly carinated, convex transversely ; the dorsal line of 

 abdomen afterwards curved to end in a quarter-circle ; the slope of the " horse- 

 hoof " is steep and the suspensory surface on its ventral aspect is long and 

 narrow ; the wings and segments all well-marked ; gland-scar a transverse slit ; 

 organ-scars raised, circular with a hole in their middle. Swface very shining 

 with a clothing of rather sparse, very minute, short, erect, dark hairs, especially 

 dense round the spiracles. Spiracles of segment 2 hardly noticeable ; others 

 small, inconspicuous, oval, convex, coloured like the body. Colovr dark brown- 

 red or brown-olive with the sides of abdomen and ventrum lighter-yellowish ; it 

 is speckled-looking. L : 13mm ; B : 4* 75mm ; H : 4* 75mm. 



Hahits. — Tlie eggs are laid on trees where there are ants of the 

 genus Cremaslofjaster ; the larvaj hve, to the number of 2 to 4, 

 huddled close together in dead, dry leaves where the ants build tem- 

 porary sheds over them to protect them ; they eat the substance of 

 the leaf without touching the upper cuticle — they are generally 

 found on fairly old leaves, but if given young, tender leaves they will 

 eat like any ordinary larva ; when full-grown the larvae make cells 

 for themselves by loosely drawing the edges of a leaf or part of a leaf 

 together in a careless-slovenly way. They may pupate inside such 



