THE BIRDS OF PREY OF THE PUNJAB. 



631 



Type. 



E. 



3i 



Characteristics. 

 a, b, c and d, as for chrysciHus ; c. tarsus 

 3|" ; f. hind claw without toe under 2}/'. 

 a, b, c and d, as for above ; e. tarsus 4" ; hind- 

 claw without toe under 2". 



a, b, c and d, as for above ; e, tarsus 3|" or 

 under. 



a, b and c, as for above ; d. nostril round ; e. 

 tarsus 4". 



to 



Name. 

 Aquila heliaca. 

 The Imperial Eagle 

 Aquila bifasciata. 

 The Steppe Eagle. 

 Aquila vindhiana , 

 The Tawny Eagle. 

 Aquila maculata. 

 The Large Spotted 

 Eagle. 



Hieraetus fascial us, a and b as for above ; c. primaries in closed wing 

 The Bonelli's Eagle, falling short of tip of tail by over 2" ; e. tarsus 3£ 



to 4" ; g. wing 19" and over. 

 Hieraetus pennatus, a, b and c, as for Aquila ; e. tarsus 2\ to 2f" ; 

 The Booted Eagle, g. wing 14 to 16*". 



Ictinaetus vmlayen- a. as for Aquila ; b. claws but little curved, 

 sis. The Black Eagle .inner as long as, or longer than hind; c. primaries 



in closed w^ing reaching to end of tail. 

 Spizaetus limnaetus, a. Primaries exceeding the secondaries by less 

 The Changeable than length of tarsus ; b. as for Aquila ; c. pri- 

 Hawk-Eagle. maries in closed Aving falling very far short of tij) 



of tail ; h. feathering of tarsus not extending to 



division of toes ; i. crest rudimentary. 

 Spizaetus ne2)alensis, a, b and c as in *S'. limnaetus ; h. feathering on 



The Hodgson's 

 Hawk Eagle. 

 Archibuteo hemiptt- 

 lopus. The Himala- 

 yan Rough- legged 

 Buzzard. 



tarsus extends to division of toes ; i. a crest always 

 present. 



As for TYPE. Tarsus feathered in front to 

 the toes, naked behind. 



Type D. 



Family FALCOXIDiE. 



Sub-family FALCONIN.^. 



Genus Aquila (5 species). 

 No. 1200. Aquila chrysaetus. The Golden Eagle. 



'Characteristics. 



Colouration. 



Size large ; tarsi fully feathered to the toes ; claws 

 much curved, hind claw from 2f" to 3i" round the 

 curve, Avithout toe ; tarsus 4". 



In adults, the head is dark brown paling to rufous 

 tawny on the nape and sides of neck. The feathers of 

 the nape and hind neck are long and lanceolate. Fea- 

 thers in front of the eye are greyish white. The upper 

 tail coverts, the small feathers on the bend of the wing, 

 and the thigh coverts and under tail coverts are a 

 light rufous brown, the tail coverts more faded than 

 the thigh. The bases of most of the back feathers and 

 quills are white, more or less mottled with dark brown. 

 The rest of the plumage is a deep chocolate brown, 

 almost black, Avith faint bars or mottling on the tail. 



The young bird is a glossy broAvnish black through- 

 out, except for the head and neck, Avhich are marked 

 like the old bird, but more taAvny. 



