752 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXVL 



tubercular swelling ; gland-scar and scar of organs of segment 12 conspi- 

 cuous. Spiracles of segment 2 small, linear, facing forwards ; other spiracle^> 

 with swollen lips, oval, conspicuous, light-brown in colour. Colour of the 

 pupa is very dark rosey-brown, lighter on the abdomen and dorsum 

 generally ; a light-brown, dorsal line on segments 2-4 ; a row of two or 

 three light-brown spots parallel to the segment margins on each side of 

 the dorsal line on segment 6-10 ; ventrum light rosey brownish-yellow. L : 

 14 mm. ; B: 6-5 mm. at segment 7; H: 5'3 mm. at apex or thorax. 

 The breadth at shoulders is 6 mm. 



Habits. — The eo'ss are laid siiio-Jv or in twos and threes on 

 leaves, leaf-stalks, stems and twigs, even on the trunk of the trees 

 and, in this case, in crevices or cracks. One female often laj-s 

 many on the same tree. The butterfly is fond of the sun and 

 sits for long periods on the same leaf basking with closed wings, 

 sometimes on a twig, stem or trunk of a tree ; with care it can 

 then be caught between the fingers ; but, once on the wing, 

 its flight is extremely rapid though not sustained. The larva 

 from the first moulfc makes a house or shelter for itself by turning 

 over a bit of the edge of a leaf, fixing it down and lining the 

 inside with silk ; it then ornaments the house by eating holes 

 all round through both layers except on the outer side, where the 

 hinge is. It makes new nests as required, feeding always upon 

 the tender leaf on which is made its abode. The piece of leaf is 

 either turned over onto the top or bottom, it seems immaterial to 

 the caterpillar. To pupate it wanders off to some crevice in the 

 bark, hole in the tree, or even down to the groiind, where it 

 gets under a dead leaf, clod of earth or stone, or into a hole 

 A dozen or more pupae are sometimes found together. The 

 butterfly is difficult to kill by squeezing for some reason or other — 

 like the protected danaine insects ; it is the only lycasnid insect 

 of these papers that has this property. Some of the larva? are 

 attended by ants of the genus Grema stoij aster , some are not ; the 

 ants do not seem to care much for them as they leave them at the 

 slightest sign of danger. The puptB are, also, sometimes attended 

 by these same ants. The reason the butterfly is rare is, probably 

 because the tree upon which the larva feeds is, as a general rule, 

 about 150 feet in height with a clear stem of some 60 feet or 

 more and the butterflies keep to the tops. The reason for success 

 in obtaining the larva3 for the first time in Kanara was that 

 extensive cutting of the tree had been going on and there w^ere 

 large areas on which stool-shoots were coming up plentifully. The 

 young leaves attracted the females and so the discovery come about 

 during the writer's walks over the cuttings. The range of the but- 

 terfly is limited as it is only recorded fi*om Tenasserim in Burma, the 

 Nilgiri Hills in Madras and Kanara in Bombay. Up to the time of 

 the discovery of the larva the female only was known. There is 

 absolutely no diff'erence in the sexes in the matter of shape and colour. 



