THE COMMON B UTTERFL lES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 765 



in an arch from the middle of tlie costa to the tornal or outer angle, leaving 

 the greatest breadth at apex. Hind wing with a narrower and paler, 

 apical border, the inner edge of which is slightly dentate and gradually- 

 diffused into the ground-colour of the surface or entirely covered with a 

 diluted yellowish tint ; inner margin dirty-greyish and downy, lengthened 

 in the direction of the lobe ; the lobe irrorated with dusky-white. Under- 

 side : both wings covered with a yellow-ochreous, powdery tint which is 

 uniformly diffused over the whole surface ; marked with four brownish, 

 parallel bands, the two inner ones of which are generally very obsolete 

 and apparent only in fresh and well conditioned specimens ; the third, 

 extending across the middle of both wings , is the most distinct and is 

 composed of darkish lunules between the veins all continuous with each 

 other ; the fourth, marginal, is faint and interrupted. Hind wing : the 

 transverse or lower end of the lobe is marked with a brownish streak 

 consisting of three confluent spots which are covered along the margin with 

 whitish irrorations, the inner spot being diffused over the rounded extre- 

 mity of the lobe. Body brownish above with a slight admixture of 

 yellow; the thorax with delicate, silky heirs; underneath, these parts 

 are covered with a short, close, whitish down. Antennee brown. Tail 

 pale tawny with an obscure margin and a white tip. — Female : exactly like 

 the male and can be distinguished by the conformation of the front legs ; 

 the tarsi also by the wing being broader, the costa more arched, the inner 

 margin longer than in the male ; thus giving the wing a blunter appearance. 



The above description is taken from de Niceville's book and is Horsfield's 

 original one. Expanse : male, female, 30-45 mm. 



The four species mentioned by de Niceville are atymnus, surya, prabha 

 and arcuata. The first is given as occurring throughout India ; the second 

 as coming from Kanara and Travancore ; the third from the South 

 Andamans ; the fourth from Ceylon. In Kanara the form atymnus is 

 common ; surya is the dry-weather form of it and all of them are now 

 allowed to be one species ; there is no doubt that they are. The name 

 atymnus is Cramer's and dates from 1780 and is far the earliest. The 

 others are all Moore's ; he was very fond of making species. 



Eyy. — The shape is hemispherical or very nearly so and it is broadest at 

 the very base. The surface is shining, like china, pitted rather minutely 

 all over, with a rather deep, apical, much larger pit — the miscropyle. The 

 colour is white. B : 1mm. 



Larva. — The shape is, on the whole, that of Tajuria cippus though the 

 " waist " is less developed, the segments 11, 12 are not broadened out later- 

 ally and the front part about segment 5 is not so much broader than the 

 rest of the body as in that species ; on the whole the shape is narrow for the 

 length, being more or less of the same breadth from segment 3 to segment 

 11 except for the slight narrowing of the waist about segment 9. The 

 head is hidden by segment 2 and is rather small, shining yellow and 

 round ; segment 2 is not very broad, somewhat thickened round the free 

 margin with a slight emargination in the dorsal line on the front margin, 

 more or less hemispherical in outline, the dorsal slope towards segment 3 

 slight ; segment 3 ascending more rapidly and segment 4 still rising at the 

 same angle to the top of 5 which is the highest point of the body ; 

 after which the dorsal line descends again very gradually and very slightly 

 concavely about segment 9, where the waist is. to the anal end which 

 is the lowest as wpII as the narrowest place ; this anal end is flattened dor- 

 sally and is square at the extremity round which there is a distinctly 

 thickened flange — as, indeed, there is to a somewhat lesser degree, round 

 the whole body on the dorsoventral line ; here, also, as in the larva of 

 Tajuria cippus the dorsal portion of segments 3 and 4 ia flattened. Surface 



