PART I. DESCRIPTIVE 

 CHAPTER I 



CLASSIFICATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MAN6BOS 

 AND OTHER PEOPLES IN EASTERN MINDANAO 



EXPLANATION OF TERMS 



"eastern Mindanao" 



Throughout this monograph I have used the term "eastern Mindanao" to include that part 

 of Mindanao that is east of the central Cordillera as far south as the headwaters of the River 

 Libaganon, east of the River Tagum and its influent the Libaganon, and east of the gulf of 

 Davao. 



THE TERM " TRIBE " 



The word "tribe" is used in the sense in which Dean C.Worcester defines and uses it in his 

 article on The non-Christian Tribes of Northern Luzon : ' 



A division of a race composed of an aggregate of individuals of a kind and of a common origin, agreeing 

 among themselves in, and distinguished from their congeners by physical characteristics, dress, and ornaments; 

 the nature of the communities which they form; peculiarities of house architecture; methods of hunting, fishing, 

 and carrying on agriculture; character and importance of manufacture; practices relative to war and the taking of 

 heads of enemies; arms used in warfare; music and dancing, and marriage and burial customs; but not consti- 

 tuting a political unit subject to the control of any single individual nor necessarily speaking the same dialect. 



PRESENT USE OF THE WORD " MAN6BO " 



The word "Manobo" seems to be a generic name for people of greatly divergent culture, 

 physical type, and language. Thus it is applied to the people that dwell in the mountains of the 

 lower half of Point San Agustin as well as to those people whose habitat is on the southern part 

 of the Sarangani Peninsula. Those, again, that occupy the hinterland of Tuna Bay 2 come under 

 the same designation. So it might seem that the word was originally used to designate the pagan 

 as distinguished from the Mohammedanized people of Mindanao, much as the name Haraforas 

 or Aljuros was applied by the early writers to the pagans to distinguish them from the 

 Moros. 



In the Agusan Valley the term manobo is used very frequently by Christian and by Christ- 

 ianized peoples, and sometimes by pagans themselves, to denote that the individual in question 

 is still unbaptized, whether he be tribally a Mandaya, a Mafigguafigan, or of some other group. 

 I have been told by Mandayas on several occasions that they were still manobo, that is, still 

 unbaptized. 



Then, again, the word is frequently used by those who are really Man6bos as a term of 

 contempt for their fellow tribesmen who live in remoter regions and who are not as well off in 

 a worldly or a culture way as they are. Thus I have heard Manobos of the upper Agusan refer 

 to their fellow-tribesmen of Libaganon as Manobos, with evident contempt in the voice. I 

 asked them what they themselves were, and in answer was informed that they were Agusdnon — 

 that is, upper Agusan people — not Manobos. 



i Philip. Joura. Sci., 1: 803, 1906. 



■ Tuna Bay is on the southern coast of Mindanao, about halfway between Sarangani Bay and Parang Bay. 



