70 THE MAN0BOS OF MINDANAO— GARVAN lMMK W mo£ 



200 persons and last from 3 to 7 days and nights, so that to hear of 20 jars or 100 bamboo ,0 

 jointfuls of sugarcane brew being consumed on the occasion of a great festival is not strange. 



The amount of drink used, both individually and collectively during one of the feasts, gives 

 one an idea of the great capacity which these primitive peoples enjoy. The average white man 

 in my opinion would be deliriously drunk before the Mandaya or Man6bo would be feeling merry. 

 It is not according to tribal customs to refuse food and drink as long as the host has them to set 

 before his guest. On a few occasions I have seen a tribesman rise, quietly empty the stomach, 

 and calmly return to the feast to finish his appointed portion and wash his hands and his plate 

 as an evidence of that fact. 



With regard to women and children, it may be said that they drink little, not from any 

 religious or moral principles, but simply because they do not care to. The men, however, are 

 inveterate drinkers. No disgrace is attached to drunkenness. On the contrary to take the 

 allotted portion is considered a duty and a virtue. 



EVIL EFFECTS FROM DRINKING 



It goes without saying that quarrels sometimes result from these drinking bouts, though 

 not of tener, I venture to say, than among more highly cultured peoples in other parts of the world. 

 The custom of carrying weapons on all occasions where others than relatives are present has a 

 deterrent effect on quarreling, yet there are occasions when daggers or bolos terminate an argu- 

 ment that wild shouts and frantic gestures can not settle. 



With regard to the amount of drink consumed, I could as well venture an approximation 

 as to the number of stars in the firmament. This will be readily understood when one is told, 

 that according to the social institutions of the Man6bos, it is considered no breach of manners 

 to ask a neighbor for any thing of his to which one may take a fancy. A refusal on his part, 

 unless couched in the most diplomatic terms, might give rise to unneighborly feelings and prompt 

 a reprisal in kind on some other occasion. Hence drink is almost invariably kept deposited in 

 the grass Outside of the settlement. When it is needed it is brought to the appointed place secretly 

 or at night, for were others than the invited ones aware of the existence of drink in one's possession 

 they, too, would flock to the scene. In view of the secrecy maintained about the possession of 

 drink it is impossible to give an estimate of the amount of liquor consumed in Man6boland. 

 Suffice it to say that the Man6bo drinks on every possible occasion and will travel many a mile 

 to secure a little of the flowing bowl. 



TOBACCO PREPARATION AND USE 



When the tobacco is ripe, it is gathered, cut fine with a sliver of bamboo, and dried in the 

 sun for a day or two. It is then frequently pounded into bamboo internodes and laid away in 

 a cool, dry place, often in the rice granary, for fermentation. Before using the tobacco it is 

 customary to set it out in the grass for a night or two. This causes a sweating and makes the 

 tobacco fit for chewing. 



This is the only form in which tobacco is prepared among the mountain Man6bos. The 

 quantity of tobacco raised is insignificant, being a little more than is sufficient for their personal 

 use. As they dispose of a great deal of it during harvest time, it not infrequently comes to pass 

 that there is a dearth long before the next crop. 



No harmful effects are attributed to the use of tobacco, though from childhood to the grave 

 it is made use of by men, women, and children. 



Only men and boys smoke. The pipe employed for this purpose is commonly a little cone 

 made out of a piece of imported tin or of a piece of steel. The stem is a piece of small bamboo. 

 One occasionally finds wooden pipes, but they have probably been acquired from Christianized 

 Man6bos or from Bisayas. 



The first-mentioned pipe holds about one thimbleful of tobacco. It is usually lighted with 

 a firebrand, unless it is used when the people are on the trail; at such a time the flint, steel, and 

 tinder are called into requisition. 



" Sufing. 



