92 THE MANOBOS OF MINDANAO— GARVAN IM, "°ivo? A xxii" 



The trap is of the type described in the chapter on hunting. When this trap is used as 

 a means of defense, the spear is set at such a height that it will wound a human being between 

 the shoulders and the thigh. The traps are set in varying numbers in the immediate vicinity 

 of the house, though if an attack is considered imminent they are set on the trails leading to the 

 house and some distance away. They may be so set that they will not strike the one who 

 releases them but the first or second person following him. It is always prudent for a white 

 man in a hostile country to so safeguard himself and his men that no one will be injured by these 

 traps. 



The bamboo caltrops referred to are slivers of sharpened bamboo, about 60 centimeters 

 long, set in the ground at an angle of 45°, and at some point where the enemy has to descend 

 to a lower level. A favorite spot is behind a log or at the descent to a stream. They are care- 

 fully concealed and, to a white man not aware of the use of such traps, a dangerous device. 



Another form of caltrop, very common indeed, and very treacherous in its character, 

 consists of small spikes made of slivers of bamboo, about 18 centimeters long, or of pointed pieces 

 of hardwood. These are set in goodly numbers in the trails that lead from the adjoining forest 

 to the house. The peculiar danger of these is that they protrude only about 2 or 3 centimeters 

 above the ground, the soil being loosened around them so that the pressure of the wayfarer's 

 foot presses down the loose soil, thereby giving the treacherous spike an opportunity to pierce 

 the foot to a considerable depth. 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 



Implements of husbandry are few and far between. As there are no draft animals in 

 Manoboland, no plows, harrows, or other implements which require animals are made use of. 



THE AX 



For felling the larger trees a simple steel ax is used. It is set in a hole in a hardwood 

 handle, usually of guava wood, and is retained in place by a couple of plaits of rattan. The 

 edge of the ax is only 6 or 7 centimeters long and yet it is surprising what the average Manobo 

 man can accomplish with this insignificant-looking implement. Mounted upon his frail scaf- 

 fold he attacks the mighty trees of his forest home and with unerring blow brings them down 

 in a surprisingly short time. 



THE BOLO 



For cutting off the branches, the bolo, which may be at the same time his weapon for attack 

 or defense, is used. The work bolo is in no wise distinguished from the fighting weapon except 

 that the former has a broad straight back. It is more usual to find a bolo of Bisaya manufacture 

 in use by Manobos of the lower Agiisan. These bolos come from Bohol or from Cebu and, being 

 comparatively cheap and answering the purpose equally well, are readily purchased. 



THE RICE HEADER 



During the harvest time the rice heads are cut with a header made of a small piece of rattan 

 or wood about 1.5 centimeters in diameter and between 4 and 6 centimeters long. In the center 

 of this and at right angles to it is lashed a piece of tin or one of the valves of a common shellfish. 26 



FISHING IMPLEMENTS 



THE FISHING BOW AND ARROW 



The bow and arrow are used for fishing, wherever the Agiisan peoples, Christian and non- 

 Christian, have access to the lakes and pools that abound in the central Agiisan. 



The bow used in fishing and its accessories in nowise differs from the more serious article 

 intended for warfare, except that, due to its more frequent use, it may be more dilapidated in 

 appearance. 



" Bl-bi. 



