192 THE MANOBOS OF MINDANAO— GARVAN [Mem °ivol N xxi# 



OTHER SPIRITS 



(1) Sugudon or Sugujun, the god of hunters and trappers, under whose auspices are conducted 

 the operations of the chase and all that pertains thereto. He is also the protector of the hunting 

 dogs. 



(2) LibtdTcan, the god of sunrise, sunset, and good weather ; a god who dwells in the firmament 

 and seems to have special power in the production of light and good weather. 



(3) Manddit, the soul spirit who bestows upon every human being two invisible, not indwell- 

 ing, material counterparts. 



(4) Yumud, the water wraith, an apparently innocuous spirit, abiding in deep and rocky 

 places, usually in pools, beneath the surface of the water. 



(5) Ibu, the queen of the afterworld, the goddess of deceased mortals, whose abode is down 

 below the pillars of the world. 



(6) Manduydpit, the spirit ferryman, the proverbial ferryman who ferries the departed soul 

 across the big red river on its way to Ibuland. 



(7) Mdkalldung, the founder of the world, who set the world on huge pillars (posts). 



NATURE OF THE VARIOUS DIVINITIES IN DETAIL 



THE PRIMARY DEITIES 12 



The primary diudta are a class of supernatural beings that dwell in the upper heavens. It 

 is generally believed that at one time they led a human existence in Manob61and but finally built 

 themselves a stone structure up into the sky and became transformed into divinities of the first 

 order. They stand aloft in a category by themselves and have no dealings with the Man6bo 

 world. On occasions the minor diudta or those of the second class, when they are unable to afford 

 man the required help, have recourse to these greater deities. During my last trip to the Agusan 

 Valley, it was the common report that the diudta of a certain Man6bo clan on the upper Umaiam 

 River, having been unable to protect the people from military persecution had recourse to this 

 higher hierarchy and that it was only a matter of time when the members of the clan would be 

 taken up into the higher-sky regions where the supreme powers dwell and where they would them- 

 selves become umli or madigdnan no diudta. 



It is thought that these deities have brass intestines and that they can draw up a house into 

 their ethereal abodes with a gold lirribd, 13 but the conception of them is so vague and so varying 

 that I am unable to give further definite information. 



THE SECONDARY ORDER OP DEITIES 



It is with the secondary order of divinities, however, that we have to deal more at length, 

 for they are the guardians and champions of the Man6bo in all the vicissitudes and concerns of 

 life. 



They are thought to be beings that in the long forgotten past lived their earthly fives here 

 below and after their mortal course was run were in some inexplicable way changed into diudta. 

 Though belonging now to a different and more powerful order, they still retain a fondness for the 

 tribesmen who sojourn here below. Selecting certain men and women for their favored friends u 

 they keep in touch with worldly affairs and at the call of their favorites hasten to the help of 

 humankind. 



In physical appearance these deities are human and Man6bo-like but they are described as 

 being "as fair as the moon." Warriors they are, to a certainty, for they are said to carry their 

 shield and all the insignia of a Man6bo warrior chief and to fare forth at times to punish some 

 bold demon for his evil machinations against the tribe. 



ii Called also i,m-li or ma-di-Q6on-an no di-u-A-ta. fc 



>■ Lim-bd possibly means chain. 



>• These are the Milan or priests and priestesses of Man6boland. 



