246 THE MANOBOS OF MINDANAO— GARVAN [M ™ u x3E£ 



Notwithstanding these vicissitudes, the missionaries succeeded in establishing Pilar, a 

 Mangguangan town, on the Manat. It is described as being made up of the most ignorant and 

 depraved people on the upper Agusan. In the same year (1883) Gracia was founded between 

 Patrocinio and Jativa. This town is not now in existence, and I am unable to state just where its 

 location was, unless it may have been near the present site of Langkilaan. On the lower Agusan, 

 Gangub, or Nuevo Guadalupe, and Tortosa on the Kabarbaran River were formed. Neither of 

 them is in existence at the present day. 



The missionaries, not yet being able to reunite the Manobos, directed their activities to the 

 conversion of Mamanuas. Hence in 1883 we read that the Mamanua settlements of Santa Ana, 

 San Roque, San Pablo, Santiago, and Tortosa were formed, the total number of converts being 

 about 800. Most of these settlements are still in existence, though there are times when not a 

 soul may be found in any of them. 



1884 



In 1884 little is recorded. It was calculated that at this time there were still 6,000 uncon- 

 verted pagans in the upper Agusan district. Jativa, which was the headquarters of the mission, 

 and which had a population of 156 families, was attacked by Mandayas. On the lower Agusan 

 matters were at a standstill, the conversion of 134 Mamanuas being the only important item 

 that is recorded in the letters. 



1885 



On the Pacific coast the labors of the missionaries had been confined to the Bisayas up to 

 1 885, in which year Peruga converted the pagan Mandayas of Marihatag and Kagwait. He also 

 ascended the Tago River converted the pagan Mandayas of Alba, establishing at the same time 

 a town of that name. 



Guardiet worked among the Manobos to the west of Hinatu'an and baptized 217 in Gin- 

 halinan near Javier (pronounced Havier). He made his way over to the Hibung River and 

 founded Los Arcos with 80 converts. 



There is no record of the work in 1885 among the Manobos of the lower Agusan except that 

 Urios founded the town of San Ignacio near Butuan. On the upper Agusan, however, things 

 took a turn for the worse. Eighty families, or a little more than half of Jativa, abandoned the 

 town. All the people of Gandia went out but were finally persuaded to return and associate 

 themselves with the people of Compostela. The Mangguangans of Clavijo (pronounced 

 Claviho) 38 moved to Gandia. Not long afterwards Compostela, Gandia, and Jativa were 

 abandoned, the town of Compostela having been burned on two separate occasions. The same 

 year, however, they were re-formed. 



1886 



In 1886 Moncayo and Pilar were deserted and Jativa was attacked. On the lower Agusan 

 affairs remained in status quo. The Mamanua settlements were increased by one which was 

 located on the Dayag River, near Mainit. 



In the middle Agusan, Gracia and Concepcion were founded on the Ihawan River. 



It is interesting to note that the total number of converts in the Agusan Valley from 1877 

 to 1886 is put down at 17,840 souls, living in 42 towns. 37 



1887 



In 1887 it became necessary to increase the number of troops in Jativa, owing to the flight 

 of the inhabitants of Moncayo, Compostela, and Gandia. As a consequence of this move, these 

 towns re-formed. San Isidro was abandoned this same year. 



» I can not state just where the town of Clavijo on the upper Agusan was located. Up to 1908 there was a town of the same name on the middle 

 Agusan, near the mouth of the Ihawan River, but it consisted entirely of Christianized Manobos, and not of Maflgguafigans such as are stated by 

 my authority to have been the people of Clavijo on the upper Agusan. 



»' Ibid., 11, appendii. 



