§§ 2-23 PHONETICS 

 § 2. TABLE OF SOUNDS 



Consonants 



Vowels 

 Oral i 



Nasalized \ 



u 



1 Only as first element of consonantic clusters. 

 •See § 11, p. 11. 



§ 3. VOWELS 



Among the vowels only e is open ; when accented only slightly so ; when unaccented quite open. 



Nasalization is weak, % when closing a syllable is so slightly nasalized that the speaker him- 

 self is often in doubt whether there is any nasalization. After m and n the vowel a although 

 etymologically purely oral, is liable to be nasalized. 



The duration of vowels depends upon their position. Terminal vowels, both accented and 

 unaccented are of slightly shorter duration than preceding vowels. 



All initial vowels begin with a weak glottal closure which is very apparent in all cases when 

 a consonant precedes a word beginning with a vowel. In these cases the glottal stop follows the 

 consonant and must be clearly differentiated from the glottalized stop which is released with 

 high pressure, the glottalization being synchronous with the stop and ceasing after the release. 



yuy,' k-' e %~pa m prone position he lays him down 

 was'a'k-'ic'Cla he considered himself strong 

 t'ap-'i'capsice bat for ball-playing 

 but k'a' to dig 



The same break occurs before w. 



sv^k- wo' k' u to feed horses 



t' ep- wi' c' aya he consumed them 105.20 



There is a complete absence of diphthongs. Vowels may follow each other being separated 

 by a weak glottal stop, they may be connected by a glide, or they may be contracted. The choice 

 between these three processes depends largely upon grammatical relations. It is not determined 

 by purely phonetic processes. 

 4 



