Academy of Sciences] PHONETICS 7 



No. 2] ' 



Verbs with indefinite object wa (see p. 52) do not contract. 



waa'li to walk over something;- — wad yata to predict something; — waa'iya to gossip about something; — 

 waa'p'a to strike people; — wad luqyaka to keep watch over things (wd 'wqyak-nd z\ to stand as a 

 guard); — wadlowq to sing over people; — wadyuha to stay near, attracted, as by one's relatives; — 

 waa'b.leza to be observant (wa'b.leza inspector) ; — wadpaw\ta to rub (ointment) on 



A number of such verbs with special idiomatic meanings are contracted. 



wdnakitima to deny, 'andhma to hide it on, 'andkihma to hide one's own; the uncontracted form wad- 

 nakihma means: he hides his things; — wdg.li coming back successfully from a hunt (adv.); wadgli 

 he brings things home; — wdk'ita to look about; wadk'tta to look about for something 



a and a contract to accented a' . 



t'a'b.lo deer's shoulder blade; but t'aa'b.lo it is his shoulder blade (in most cases parts of body are not 

 used with possessive pronouns; see pp. 86, 128, 132) 



2. Nouns with wa 8 or Va 9 prefixed to an instrumental noun beginning with i contract to 

 accented i; wa prefixed to verbs only when they have a special meaning. 



wai'leya to burn up things;- — wai'yut'a to try something; — wai'yutq to be tempted bj' something 



wi'k'q rope, 'ik l q tying strings; — wi'yukpq coffee mill, 'iyu'kpq instrument for pulverizing, a grinder; — 



wi'k'ic'qye tools (i by means of, kHddyq to work with, to handle); — wi'y%ga to question, 'iydga 



to ask; — wi'tqtq to be vain, 'i'tq to be proud of; — wi'hpcya to give away after a death, 'ihpe'ya to 



discard, to throw away, waihpeya to discard things 



t'i'sto foreleg of a ruminant (t'a ruminant, 'isto' arm) ; — t'i'skak'q ankle ligament ('iska' ankle, k l q sinew) 



In some cases the possessive Va is also contracted with initial i. 10 



t'i'hiyetku its (a pet's) master 



Terminal a of wic'a human, is also contracted in nominal compounds with initial i. 



wic'i'te human face, from wic'a'-ite 

 but widdi human mouth 



Similar contractions occur in names. In these cases we are not always dealing with contrac- 

 tion but rather with loss of terminal a. 



t'at'q'kiyo'take from t^at'dka buffalo bull, H'yotaka he sits; — mat'o'sap-'i'c'iya from mat'd bear; sdpa 

 black, with loss of terminal a, 'ic'iya he causes himself to be 



Terminal a and initiali are contracted: c'aJci'yu/iuge fishhook (c'aka' palate, 'iyu'huga to 

 break into by means of). 



In verbs with locative prefix 'a on (see p. 39 et seq.) or instrumental prefixes wa, na, pa, 

 ka (see p. 45 et seq.) a and i are not contracted. 



'ai'ya to gossip about, 'iyd to talk; — wai'c'ihy, to gash oneself, wah% to gash with a knife; — 'ai'le to 

 burn on; — 'ai'Kpeya to throw on;- — kai'yotak making sit down (adverb); — pai'le to strike a light 

 (to make burn by pushing) 



3. Accented initial e is the result of contraction of the prefix a- and 'i' to arrive going. 



'e'wat'i arriving there I camped (compare 'akH'wat'i, 'ahi'wat'i." By analogy the form derived from i 

 to arrive there, would be 'ai'wat'i) ;■ — 'e'yaya to start from here with something (compare 'ahi'yaya) ; — 

 'e'h%ni to arrive there taking it (compare 'ahi'hiini); — 'e'nap'a to take something outside (Hndp'a 

 to go out; 'a in verbs of motion: taking something along) ;■ — 'e'Rpeya to take there and leave there 

 (compare 'ahi'hpeya to bring here and leave, 'ak'i'Rpeya to take back there and leave); — 'e't%wq 

 to look about over there (compare 'ahi'tywq to look over here) 



1 Indefinite object; see p. 52. 

 1 t'a ruminant; see p. 71. 

 " See p. 133. 

 i' See p. 96. 



