Academy of Sciences] PHONETICS Q 



12. Initial o-i often contract to %. 



'oi'hqketa at the end of a long thing, '-n'hqketa finally, at last (Yankton) ; — 'oi'g.lake the moving of camp, 

 'n'hdaka (Santee); — 'oi'c'ikpani to fail oneself Coki'kpani to have no energy), 'i{cikpani to be 

 indolent; — 'oi'c'ihi to be prosperous, successful ('oki'hi to be able, for oneself), \'cihi to be active, 

 industrious (generally used negatively, to be lazy) ; — 'oi'yanica to be delayed, 'oe'c\nica to be with- 

 out power to act, '■q'c'%nica to be dumfounded, without power to act 



The last three show peculiar changes of c'. (See §131, p. 101.) In the last example the 

 contraction is apparently from oe to %. 



13. o and i contract to %. 



hu' kpa<Cho-'i' kpa camp circle ends 



14. i and i contract to i. 



Y kpatq<^'ii' kpatq to brace oneself against; — 'i cak'ap<C'ii' cak'ap placing by striking against; — 'i'yahq<^ 

 'ii'yahq to erect on by means of against 



15. In a number of cases wa-yu (see p. 53) is contracted to wo' , but almost always with 

 a special meaning. 



wo'ga to husk corn, wo'waga, wo'yaga, first and second persons 

 but wayu'ga to separate from its covering (except corn), wab.lu' ga, walu'ga first and second persons 



wo'b.leca to unpack things belonging to another person, either for stealing or for finding what valuables 

 they possess with a view of asking for them at some opportune time, wo' wab.leca first person 

 but wayu'b.leca to scatter or break up anything else, wab.lu'b.leca first person 



wo ze always refers to the hcyo'k'a and means the heyo'k'a takes food out of boiling water 

 but wayu'ze to take out of a liquid under ordinary circumstances 



wo'sna to saciifice, wo'wasna first person 

 but wayu'sna to drop out of hand under ordinary circumstances 



wo'hpa to buy a wife, literally to pull things down; i. e., the goods offered from the back of the horse, to 

 be accepted or rejected by the girl's father 

 but wayu'hpa to pull down under ordinary circumstances 



wo't'qt'q to feel about (obscene meaning) wo'wat'qt'q first person 

 wayu't'qt'q to feel about (as in the dark) for something 



wo' ha to carry things 

 but wayu'ha to have things 



A number of verbs have in the first and second persons the ordinary forms. 



wo'kpq to grind (as coffee), wab.lu' kpq, walu'kpq; — wo'ksa to cut things, wab.lu ksa, walu'ksa; — wo'pla 

 to cut skin, goods into patterns, wab.lu pta, walu'pta 



Sometimes both forms are used. 



wo'spi to pick berries, (first person) wo'waspi, not so often wab.lu'spi; — wo' za and wayu'za to cook 

 mush, are both used 



A number of these forms are used only adverbially (i. e., in combination with a following 

 verb). 



wo'c'qc'q shaking things; wayu'c'qc'q he shakes things; — wo' ha to have things, to carry things in the 

 hand, also adverb; — ivo'liica, wo'Ril waking people (wo'hica also used as third person); wayu'hica 

 he awakens people; — wo'kcq divining; also third person; also wic' a sa-wo' kcq fcj the diviner;- — ■ 

 wayu'kcq to investigate, appraise 



Irregular is — 



wo'ta to eat; wawa'ta, waya'ta, wa%'yuta I, you, we two, eat; — yu'ta to eat it, forms wa'ta, ya'la, ■qyu'ta 

 {\{ia S) I, you, we two, eat it; — wo'yute food 



16. fa + woyfo'. 



t'o' waste his goodness (wo' waste goodness); — t'o'ksape his wisdom (wo'ksape wisdom) 



17. i+hq>hi'. 



hjske' <^hi-hqska long teeth ( = canine teeth) 



