10 DAKOTA GRAMMAR [MEM TvoL. A xxiit 



18. o+hq^u. 



ty'wel, tohq'el once upon a time 



19. Terminal a when changeable is contracted with ye closing the sentence to e. (See p. 109.) 



yau' kte<Cyau' kta ye you will come 131.5 



'u'kla sk'e' lo'<i'u'kta sk'a' ye lo' it is said he will come 12.3 



In Santee of Prairie Island, Minn, yau'kta ye', etc., remain uncontracted. 



20. Terminal i of the plural pi is contracted with ye closing the sentence and in some im- 

 perative forms to pe. (See pp. 30, 109, 111.) 



Terminal vowels of stems ending in a and e 



Under certain conditions to be discussed later (pp. 29 et seq.) terminal a of cvc, cv, and cvccv 

 verbs is changed to e. Verbs behave very irregularly in this respect; and while most stems 

 change, a considerable number retain their a; terminal e of nouns may change to a (p. 34). 



The ending a of cvc verbs and a and e of cvc nouns drop off under certain conditions. 

 (See p. 34.) 



§ 8. Glides 



When i is followed by a, o, or u the glide y is introduced ; when followed by i or the nasalized 

 vowels q, % or if, there is no glide. 



niya'te thy father; — m.ni'yaye water carrier ('a'ya to go carrying); — 'iya'p'a to strike against; — tHyo'ksq 

 around the house (t'iwo'ksq<lVi-wa-'oksq things lying about in the house); — Viyo slola cricket 

 (slo to chirp) ; — 'iyu't'a to try 



'iii'sila to take pity on by means of;— 'iy.' to rub on; — 'i'qpetu-hqke'yela on the same day it happened; — 

 'iq'petu the following day; — k'ii'yqka to race against 



Few exceptions to the general rule have been found. 



'iya to talk; reduplicated 'ia'a; — waa'iya gossip; — wio'wa painted tipi; t'io'he and t'iyo'he tent site, are 



both used; — napi'yq with the hand only; — Tiupiyq with wings only 

 'ot'i'wota, Western Ogalala 'ot'i'weia old campsite, is of doubtful derivation; Santee forms are 'ot'i'wota, 



'ot'y.'wita, 'ot'i'wita; — t'iwa'he a household, compare 'ol'y,'ivahe village (t'y.wq'pi they form a 



village S) 



i is followed by i without intervening glide. 



'ii'cu instrument for taking; — 'im.ni'icu instrument for taking water; — wii'c'uwa love charm (wi-i-k'uwa 



woman means of pursuing) 

 'ie'sni he does not talk, is used often instead of 'iye'sni to avoid ambiguity, 'iye'sni it is not he 



Verbs with the prefix i preceded by another i form contractions. (See p. 9.) 

 o is rarely followed by a glide. No case has been found in which the prefix o is followed by 

 a glide. 



'oa'hec'eca to be of improved health; — wo'aiye gossip; — wo'akHnice a thing in dispute; — 'oi'se corner; — 

 'oo' wound (place of hitting); — ' oo yuspe-si ca hard to catch; — 'oo'wa design; — 'oo'heniipa or 

 'o'heny,pa Two Kettle Sioux; — 'ou'ye growth; — 'o'(kpa tip, source of river; — 'oy.' amount of some- 

 thing used at one time; — 'oy.'pa to lay into (cradle); — ho'uya; to make voice come; — hoi'c'uwa 

 fishing tackle 



Exceptions are: 



'owi'hqke end; — howo'ksq around the camp circle (Yankton hoo'kiq); — 'oivi' earrings;' — g.lo'w\ to wear 

 one's own, as a shawl; — 'owe't'i camping place; — howa'sapa catfish ( = fish on surface black) 



e seems to behave irregularly. There are not many examples. 



hei'cak'q a louse comb; — heyo'lela monkey (little louse seeker); — hewo'skqtu deserted place; — hewa'kte 

 (a name, derivation?); — hewa'ktokta Arickaree Indians 



