Academy of Sciences] PHONETICS 11 



u followed by other vowels is treated by different individuals differently, but some words 

 do not take a glide. 



c'qku'-'ag.la^g.la along the road; — t l ahu'-'oksq, around the neck; — su-o'tala melon (little one many 

 seeds); — sua'ip'iyake or suwa' ip'iyake cartridge belt; — huwo'kahmi inner side of knee joint; — 

 wahu wapa corn on ear; — wahu ataya or wahu wataya to cause oneself to be paralyzed (by fear) 



y followed by e takes the glide w in ty'wel (<^to'hq wq e'l) once upon a time. 



§§ 9-22. PHONETIC PROCESSES, CONSONANTS 



§ 9. Effect of Nasalized Vowels 



There is a strong tendency to anticipate nasalization. 



b and I preceding a nasalized vowel become respectively m and n, the corresponding nasals. 

 Under certain conditions (see p. 29) hig.la changes its terminal a to { and the word 

 takes the form hig.ni. 

 In the same way — 



le-i'sko becomes ni'sko as large as this 

 wag.li'kta becomes wag.ni'kta 

 b.li'kta becomes m.ni'kta I shall go 



Nasalized vowels have a peculiar influence upon preceding stops. In certain morphological 

 forms a preceding k or c is glottalized, or a glottalized c' becomes medial. (See pp. 98, 100.) 



§ 10. Effect of o, u and y Upon Following y 



Under a number of conditions y following the vowels u, y, o changes to w. 



1. In the imperative the endings yo and ye expressing order or permission on the part of a 

 man, permission on the part of a woman, change to wo and we. (See p. 111.) 



many,' wo (man speaking) steal! 

 mani^we (woman permitting) 

 hiyu'wo (man speaking) start coming! 

 hiyu'we' (woman permitting) 



The imperative, requesting form, which changes terminal a into i does not have the change 

 from y to w, an indication that a suffix has been contracted with a to form i, while in the verbs 

 ending in u, y, o it has disappeared, although it has prevented the assimilation of the following y. 



many ye please, do steal it 

 hiyu, ye please, do start coming 



2. ye's in spite of, becomes we's after u, y,, o. 



'ec'ii wes yustqf sni in spite of the fact that he did it, he did not finish it; — 'icy! we's 'afc'e' yusna in spite 

 of the fact that he took it, he dropped it again 



3. The syllable ye inserted before lak'a evidently (such and such happened), for (the reason 

 that), and sq but, and yet, changes to we after u, y, o. 



p'o'welak'a it must have been foggy, for — 



4. The close of the sentence in ye, ye lo, ye le changes to we, we lo, we le after u, y, o. 



maga zuwe' it is raining 



wakte'-ku we lo' he returns from killing 



§ 11. Terminal Consonants of cvc Verbs 



Verbs derived from stems of the type consonant vowel consonant end in a suffix a. Under 

 certain conditions the a is lost. Then the terminal consonants undergo regular phonetic changes. 



