22 DAKOTA GRAMMAR [Memoirs National 



"'•' [Vol. XXIII, 



Some bisyllabic words with accent on the first syllable shift their accents to the second 

 syllable when a pronoun is infixed. 



ma'ni he walks, mawa'ni I walk; — na'z\ he stands, naiad ' z\ I stand; — w\yq woman, w\md yq I am a 

 woman 



Here belong also the derivatives of demonstratives which have the accent on the first syllable. 



le'c'a it is of this kind, lema'c'a I am of this kind; — le'c'eca it is like this, lema'c'eca I am like this 



An exception is to'k'a something happens, to'mak*a something happens to me; I die. 

 When the accent of a compound verb is on the first syllable it remains in most cases in 

 this position. 



k'o'ya to include, k'o'waya I include him; — ha'sapa Negro (black skinned), ha'masapa I am a Negro; — 

 ho't'qi voice is audible, ho'mat'qi my voice is audible; — ho'bu he has a low voice, ho'mabu I have 

 a low voice; — ny,'Kpq his ear rings (verb) (pq to shout), n%'hmapq my ear rings 



It is difficult to give a generally valid rule, ha'sapa literally black skin is a noun and adjec- 

 tive. (See p. 72.) The closer the relation of the component elements the stronger is the ten- 

 dency to throw the accent on the second syllable; si(ma')c*ola I am barefooted; si' (ma)c ( ola I 

 lack feet. When the first syllable contains a vowel originated by contraction the accent is 

 always on that syllable. 



Monosyllabic stem of the types cv and cvc with the subordinating suffix -ya throw the 

 accent on the second syllable. Bisyllabic stems cvccv and those cvc stems that do not lose their 

 terminal a, in other words all verbs ending in a vowel that have the accent on the first syllable, 

 retain it there before this ending (p. 59). 



In compounds of two accented verbs the second verb loses its independent accent and the 

 new unit is accented on the second syllable, no matter whether that syllable belongs to the first 

 or second verb. 



skal-'e't'i to play camping; — skal-'o'mani to travel in order to play 



Note. — It was originally intended to indicate all monosyllabic verbal and nominal stems as 

 accented, in distinction to unaccented particles, also to indicate the accents of verbs that may 

 take locative or instrumental prefixes. Owing to an oversight, this has not been done consistently, 

 and some corrections may have been overlooked. 



