24 DAKOTA GRAMMAR [memoirs uhu 



L VOL. -X ,\ 111, 



It is characteristic that only those among these verbs can take instrumental prefixes which 

 refer to bodily activities that can be produced by pulling, pushing, striking, a sawing motion, with 

 the mouth, the feet, like (-)psi'ca to jump, (-)slohq' to crawl, (-)wa-cH' to dance. 



Active verbs 23a 

 *'{" to wear about the shoulders 

 *g.low\ to wear one's own shawl 

 *V to hit by shooting 

 *'u-t'a' to shoot 



*'% to be (when neutral, to use) 

 *\'yq to lose 



*'%pa to lay down animate things 

 *'%'-c'a to mock 

 *'%'-kce to break wind 

 *yu'ta to eat 

 (-)wa-c'i' to dance 

 *howa'ya to moan, groan 

 (-)sica'-hoivcfya to groan with misery 

 (*ho' to howl, only 3d person) 

 *hu to commit sodomy 

 *ba to blame 



*hq-b.le' to quest for a vision 

 *pq' to shout 

 (—)pehq' to fold 

 *po'gq to blow 

 (-)psi'ca to jump 

 (— )psV to sneeze 

 *p'a-hta to tie in a bundle 

 *ma'-ni to walk 

 *ma-nif;' to steal 

 *la' to ask for 



la to consider (always final after other verb) 



*le' to search (only in c'q-le' to get fire wood; o-le to search;) ( — ) He' to burn, (neutral) 

 (-)le' za to urinate 

 *lowq' to sing 

 *<iiwc{' to look, open eyes 

 *tka' to flesh a hide 

 */'?:' to dwell 

 c'e-iY to build a fire 

 *<V to have, put on, give birth 



(-)ho-t'ii' to utter cry, only 3d person for cries of animals 

 *si(' to braid, plait 

 (-)c'e-sW to defecate 

 *sli'pa to lick 

 (-)slohq' to creep, crawl 

 *so'so to cut meat in strips 



si to order (always final verb after other verb) wa-si' to employ 

 (-)pV-s{ to wrinkle nose 

 *su-t'a' to miss aim 

 (-)skq' to be active 



(-)zo to whistle; kazo' to have diarrhea 

 (-)c'e'ya to weep 

 *e'i' to desire 



(-)na'-zi to stand (from z\ erect) 

 (-)m' to be alive 

 (-)niya to breathe 

 *»M'm' to lose one's way 

 g.rm'ni to lose one's own 

 *n%wq' to swim 



aaa For explanation of symbols see p. 16. The • within tho word indicates the position of the pronoun. Whore there is no such indication the 

 pronoun is prefixed. 



