Academy of Sciences] MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 53 



No. 2] 



possession. Examples for initial a and i have been given before (pp. 6 et seq.). Characteristic 

 forms for verbs with initial o are: 



wao'c'i to beg for various things, uio'c'j to be a beggar 



wao'kastaka to throw mudlike things into; wo'kastaka he is daubing mud (in building); — [wao'hq to cook 

 things, not idiomatic, but understood), wo'hq to cook 



The same contraction with the same meaning occurs when wa- stands before the instrumental 



yu-. (See p. 9.) 



wayu'zaza she is washing things; wo'iaza she is washing; — wayu'stq to finish things, ico'Uq to take a 

 final vote (wao'stq to fit things into, from 'o'stq to fit in) 



Examples of uncontracted forms are: 



wao' to hit things; — wao'hola to be respectful to persons, things {la to consider); — wao'kihi to be able to 

 achieve things; — wao'kiya to help people; — wao'steg.la to call people names (oste'g.la he considers 

 him odd); — ivao'yuspa to catch hold of; k'e-wo'yuspa snapping turtle 



Others are contracted: 



wo'yaka to recount (oya'ka he tells it); — wo'le to search for things; — wo'm.na to smell something; — 

 100'lota to borrow something; — wo'c'i to beg for something 



With neutral verbs wa- forms nouns: 



wal'o' something green (blue), i. e., green leaves, grass; — wasna' pemmican (sna greasy, Assiniboine) ; 

 warn .ni' yom.ni whirlwind; — wagu'geca something scaly, i. e., dandruff; — wapa'm.na something 

 arranged in a clump (pam.na' adv.) a clump of trees, bushes; — wale'ga something transparent, i. e., 

 dried bladder, intestines; — waspq'sni something not cooked, i. e., those entiails that were eaten 

 raw; — waho'hpi something round drooping (ho round enclosure; Rpi to droop), a nest; — wag.mif.' 

 something curled, twisted, i. e., pumpkin; — wag.me'za corn (gwe'za to have small ridges [?]) ; — wat'e'ca 

 something new, i. e., food taken home from feast;- — walu'ta something scarlet, i. e., a sacrifice of red 

 material; wahpa'ye things lying about, i. e., chattels, household goods 



There are a few verbal terms of this type: 



waste' good; — wahle'sni ugly; — wak'q' 98 wonderful, sacred; — wa'hwala to be gentle (hwa to be sleepy); — 

 wao'ta things are plentiful; — wai'c'aga things grow 



A neutral with indirect object is wi'steca to be bashful, ashamed of things ('iste'ca to be 

 ashamed of — ). 



We have found only one active verb without object which forms nouns with wa-: waki'yq 

 something flying, i. e., thunder; waki'yela dove. 



Transitive verbs with wa- forming nouns. Most of these have a passive meaning. 



wa'paha something held aloft, i. e., war standard; — wana'p'i something worn around neck, i. e., neck- 

 lace; — waya'hota something choked on, i. e., oats (yaho'ta he chokes on it) ; — wae'ktqza forgotten things, 

 i. e., poor ears of corn not garnered; — wat'q' (something touched (?), i. e., bait, -t'q to come in con- 

 tact with); — wa'nuni things on something out of place, i. e., dark spots on face ('anu'ni to be out of 

 place on something, nu'ni to lose one's way); — wak'i baggage 



The indefinite wa- appears also with nouns. 



wap'a'ha something head skin, i. e., war bonnet; — wac'o'ka something centre, i. e., opening in the 

 woods;- — wahq'pi soup (hqpi' juice); — wahu'ny.pa something two legs, i. e., man with bear spirit; — 

 wahu'pa something wings, i. e., supernatural flying being 



Nouns with initial vowel contract with wa-. (See pp. 6 et seq.) 



wo'ha cache; — wa'kahpe sheet covering; — wi'k'q rope; — wa'hpat'qka something lying on, big, i.e., black 

 bird (also called pteya'hpaya falling on buffalo); — wa'hpahota grey buffalo bird 



A number of these forms are derived from stems not otherwise known. 



wac'q'ga sweet grass;- — wa'c'ihe a long soft feather standing on head {hq to stand); — wag.le'ks% wild 

 turkey; — wahi'heya mole; — wam.nu'h'a snail shells; — wasii' den, lair; — waksi'ca dish 



' According to Walker the priests of old used the term /c'q for the specific sacred. Not known to E. D. 

 162236°— 41 5 



