64 DAKOTA GRAMMAR [memoirs national 



"* [Vol. XXIII, 



**-staka it is mud-like, -slak adverb {sta'ka he is listless, stakya' adverb) (ka) 



*-skapa two broad surfaces are in sudden contact, (—)skap, (-)skapya' adverb, ska'skap hig.la' clapping 



suddenly heard 

 —skita it is bound, -skil adverb 



-skica it is compressed; ag.la'skil lying on something compressing it; adverb 

 **-zica it is stretching; (-)zikzica it is elastic; -zikzi'lya: -zil, -zilya adverbs 

 -zoka (only with ya-) it is being tasted, licked, yazo'k adverb 



-zuka, generally -zukzuka it hangs in mucous strings, kazu kzukya, kazu' kzxikyela adverb 

 -sipa it is low above ground, -sip: o kasipyela branches hanging low towards ground; paii'p genuflecting 

 -swoka it is overflowing; -swok adverb 



*—sluta it is slippery (with prefixes; to slip, slide); -slul; sluslulyela adverb (-)sluslu'ta it is slippery 

 *-skapa two broad, wet or yielding surfaces are in sudden contact, (-)skap, (-)skapya adverb; ska'skap 



hig.la' the noise of such contact comes 

 *-skepa a fluid is dried (by sweeping); see (-)skepa to be dried by leaking; -skep 

 *-skita it is grooved, ridged, notched, -skil; (-)skiski'ta corrugated 

 -skica liquid is squeezed out, -skil 

 -zipa thin layers are lifted or removed, -zip; yuzi'pa to pinch and lift tiny piece of skin, kazi'pa to 



shave off slivers 

 -z%ta it reaches into a cavity, -zy,l 

 -ceka it is in a staggering condition, kace'kcek adverb (neutral), pace'k adverb (active); (cekce'ka, only a 



nickname) 

 -c'apa to have legs lifted in high steps, yuc'a'pa to prance, yuc'a'p, yuc'a'pc'ap adverb (na, yu) 

 -gwoka it is being churned up, kagwo'k adverb 

 -gmica it is being pulled (like hair), -g.mig.mica, yugmi'l adverbs 

 -gmuza it is gathered in, pursed, drawn tightly, -g.mus; 'o'g.muza or yug.mu'zya 'ec'e'ca it is closed; 



active with o- followed by instrumental 

 -kiza he is suffering, in agony, kaki's, kaki'sya adverb (only with ka-) 

 -kota, -kuta to be probed into, as a tubular object, pako'l, pak%'l adverbs (-ki(ta it is of uneven length in 



patches [hair, grass] takes hq) 

 *-ksiza he is irritable, yuksi's adverb (ksisya' adverb used colloquially); ksi'zeca heartless, brutal 

 -kseca he has his joints violently bent, as in spasms, no adverb; see yuksa' ksala ma'ni he walks bending 



the knees high, perhaps from ksa-ka) 

 -Vita it is in the condition of being wiped off, -k'il adverb 



-k'eza (always as ina'k'eza) it is near the edge of, 'ina'k'es adverb; 'i'yak'es'yela 

 *—k'e'ga a surface is scratched, -k'eh adverb; k'e'R-hig.la a scratching sound comes; k'e'hk'ega it gives 



off a grating sound 

 *-k'oga a surface is scraped, -k'oh adverb; k'o'h-hig.la a scraping sound comes; no k'o'hk'oga, but 



k'o'lik'oR hig.la' (repetitive) 

 *-gata they are sticking out in many directions, yuga'l reaching out with the hand, arm; kaga'l-hig.la he 



is startled throwing out his arms; galga'ta it has many branches, arms; galya', g.alga'lya adverb 

 -gipa it is in a state of being pinched between two edges, yugi'p adverb; ina'gip; ina'gipya hq it remains 



caught 

 **-Rapa it is in a state of being driven (animal), kalia'p adverb; see *ha'pa to give off a rustling, 



muffled sound 

 —Kepa ft is in a state of having been drained, yahe'p drinking up (adv.) 

 **-Rica he is roused from sleep, -Ml adverb; hica'hq he trips, falLs down (verb) 

 -h'Uta it is pliable, yuh%'l adverb; hah%'ta hemp (bark) rope 

 -hwoka it is floating in the air, kahwo'k being carried by the wind (adv.) 

 -Maya it is in a peeled condition, -hlaya, -hla'hlaya adverb, see hlahq it is peeling off, is peeled; see Rla to 



rattle, being loose 

 -hlata it is in a state of being clamped, yuhla'l adverb 

 -htata it is loosened, not taut, kahta'l slowing up (adv.), ayu'htal slacking reins, o'htal relaxed, o hlata 



to be weakened by sickness (i. e., having the skin hanging loose) 

 -hlaka it is in forcible contact, nahta'k kicking (adv.) ica'lilak in touch with, wohta'k bumping (adv.) 



{yahtaka to bite) 

 -hniga it is chosen, kahni'li adverb, oka'Rnih comprehending (only with ka-) 

 (-h'ota not used as verb) kah'o'l hurling 



