Academy op Sciences] MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 67 



No. 2] 



stated tH'psila yuza'pi mashed wild turnip porridge; yuza to stir, mix) ; huhu -wasmi* pi trimmings 



of meat, particularly from the spine, used for soup (huhu , hohu bone; wasmi' to trim with a knife) ; 

 -yahu' gapi nuts (ya- with mouth; -liuga to crack a shell) ; -wo'yaptapi food left in the kettle after a 

 meal (wat'e'ca is food left by the guests and taken home; pta to cut into something); — wo'kpqpi corn 

 meal (wa-yu-kpq to grind fine) ; — p'ehi'-s%pi braided hair (s% to braid) ; — waka'p'qpi pemmican 

 (kap'a' to pound to a pulp); — pasla'yapi hominy (sla bare, the hull being removed by the heat of 

 hot ashes); — wo' sleslecapi cracked corn (-sle'ca hard things are cracked); — c'ati'yohqpi hominy 

 (c'ata ashes; H- by; 'ohq to boil); — wakce'yapi broiled rib piece (kceya to broil over coals); t'i'pi 

 dwelling, tent (t'i to dwell); -'au'yeynpi and 'ayyeyapi ground-cherries ('a- on; uya' the wind comes 

 from a certain direction; -ya to cause; lit. they cause the wind to blow on them; it is believed 

 that if approached with the wind they will become sour, if against the wind they will be sweet) 



Names of games are of this type: 



pai'yqkapi they make it run by pushing; — paslo'hqpi snow snake (they make it glide by pushing). To 

 play these games is expressed by the noun followed by '%' to use, paslo'hqpi '■qpi they play snow 

 snake. 



Terms for a great many modern objects are formed with -pi: 



'agu'yapi bread (they cause it to be scorched, gu); — sina' -kaswu~ pi a fringed shawl (they make the 

 blanket fringed); — wak'a'lyapi tea, coffee (something they make hot); — wic'a'hapi grave (they 

 bury men); — 'ozq zqg.lepi window ('ozq zq daylight, zqzq glass; g.le to set up); — wapa zopi a show 

 (pazo' to hold up to view, expose), etc. 



§§ 65-70. Compounding 

 § 65. introductory 



Compounds are formed of nouns and nouns, nouns and adjectives, nouns and verbs, verbs 

 and verbs, adverbs and verbs, and adverbs and adverbs. Each compound has only one primary 

 accent. When the first part is monosyllabic and the accent of the compound is on the second 

 syllable that of the second part will be shifted; p. e, skal-'o'mani he goes about to play. The 

 accent of the independent word would be oma'ni; fie-'a'kqtu k% the top of the mountain ('akq'tu). 

 If the accent is on the first syllable or when the first word has more than one syllable the original 

 accent of the second part of the compound is retained as a weak, secondary accent. 



Compounding always expresses that the compound is a unit concept. There are, however, 

 two degrees of such unity. An example may illustrate this. 



c'e'ga roq t'q'ka k\ he mak'u a kettle a certain one that is large, that give me! 



c'e'ga-t'qka k\ he' mak'u' the large kettle, that give me 



c'eR-t'q'ka wo'he' she cooked a big-kettle-full (i. e., she cooked for a feast) 



In the first case the words kettle and large are independent; in the second t'q'ka, large is 

 subordinate to c'e'ga, kettle; in the third case they form a single concept. The same point is 

 illustrated by the two forms c'e'ga-zi a yellow kettle and c'eh-zi' brass kettle. In the former si' 

 yellow is subordinated to c'e'ga; in the latter the two form a unit. Another example is m.ni'- 

 wahca^hca water flower, any flower growing in water, and m.ni-fica'hca water lily. We have also 

 by contrast: 



su'kak'q' k\ site' 'e'l 'oyu'spe' he clung to the horse's tail, and st^ksi' te wq k'oya'ke' he wore as ornament 



a horse tail 

 c'a'pa s{te' ki 'owa'kakse' I cut short the beaver's tail, and 'ehq'ni c'aps\te '%' g.lakca pi' formerly with 



beaver tails they combed (their hair) 

 hq'pa 'ipa't'api wq mak'u" she gave me a pair of embroidered moccasins, and hqp-'i' pat'a general term 

 for embroidered moccasin 80 



89 These two stages of more or less intimate relationship appear also in the possessive pronoun. It will be shown that in nouns beginning with o 

 the possessive prefix t'a is not contracted with o if possession is not permanent, while the two are contracted, if possession is permanent: t'ao'vi his 

 earrings, those he made or happened to wear; f'o'u'f his earrings that are characteristic of him and of no one else (p. 132). 



