68 DAKOTA GRAMMAR [memows national 



§ 66. NOUN AND NOUN 



Wlien the first noun expresses the material of which the second consists the second noun is 

 subordinated; that is, the stem expressing material retains its accent. The stem ma'za, metal, 

 when contracted, forms an exception. (See pp. 72, 73.) 



c'q'-c'ega drum (lit. wooden kettle); — c'q'-hqpa shoe (wooden moccasin); — c'u'-m.ni dew (dew water); — 

 he'-c'iska horn spoon 

 but mas-c'i' ska or ma ' za-c'\ska metal spoon; — mas-wa'ksica metal bowl;- — ma' za-t'ipi iron house 57.4; — 



ma' za-napo'ktq or mas-na' poktq metal bracelet 



Sometimes the second part of the compound retains its verbal character. In these cases 

 the accent is on the second syllable. 



c'q'-wog.nake wooden box; c'q-wo'g.naka coffin (see p. 33); c'q-wo'slohq sledge; — c'q-wa'ksica wooden 

 bowl 



With stems of more than one syllable: 



mak'a'-t'i'pi earth lodge;- — p'ezi'-ivok'e'ya grass house; — t'aha'-sina* deerskin blanket; — wizi'-p'q bag 

 made of old tent cover (wi- tent; zi yellow); — psit'o'-hqpa beaded moccasins; — '%'yq-hoksila Stone- 

 boy 91.16; — 'i'yq-mila stone knife; — p'atka'sa-hqpa turtle moccasins; — Vahu'ka-wata bull boat 

 (raw hide boat) 



When the second noun is considered as a qualifier of the first one, the second noun loses its 

 accent. 



pte'-oyate buffalo-people 20S.3; — ple'-wiyq buffalo-woman 184.12; — wag. me' za-w^yq corn-woman 

 184.12; — Mt'u'kala-oyaHe mouse-people 143.12; — hogq'-'oifc'age fish-shape (lit. fish in way of 

 growing); — wic'a'sa-'it'q'c'q man-leader 145.8; — wi 'yq-wic' a' sasni an inhuman woman (i. e., tricky) 

 167.14 



Many names are formed in this manner: 



wqb.li'-hoksila Eagle-Boy; — ptesq '-wqb.lt White Buffalo Eagle; — c'etq'-waha'c'qka Hawk Shield 



Demonstratives are treated in the same manner: 



le'-wic'a~sa k%, he'-ivic'a^sa k\ this, that man; — he'-htaye'tu k{ that same evening 226.2; — he'-'oyd'te k{ that 

 particular people 225.8; — tukte'-wic'a s sa which man; — tuwa'-wic'a'sa some man; — ta'ku-wic'a'sa 

 some kind of man, what kind of man 234.9; — ta'ku-hoq'ksipika c'a we are some kind of children 

 (i. e. not children) 167.6; — le'c'a-wfyq, he'c'a-wiyq this, that kind of woman; — le'c'i-'oya*te, 

 he'c'i-'oya'te people of the kind that are here, there; but to'k'i 'oya'te wq a people somewhere; — ■ 

 le'cHyatqhq-, he'c'iyatqhq -oya*te people from (belonging to) this side, that side; — hetq' -' oya" te people 

 from there (See p. 115) 



Partitive genitives. — Most of these are firmly united. They appear most frequently with 

 locative terms. 



Re-'a'kqtu k% the top of the mountain; — m.ni-c'o'ka the middle of the water; — m.ni-yo'huta bank of 

 river; — p'i'kpa (<Cp'a'-i'kpa) tip; — c'i'kpa (<c'(j'-jfcpa') top of tree 



A number of terms for parts of the body are so formed: 



p'asu nose (-=head seed); — nasu' brains ( = scalp area, core); — sip'a' toe ( = foot head); — nap-k'q' 

 sinews of wrist; — nakp'q' wrist part of sleeve (by metathesis) ; — 'ista'-hoksicala pupil of eye ( = infant 

 of eye); — p'o'wiwila (<Cp'a-ozvi'wila, see p. 8) fontanelle; — c'qto'ge (<ic'qte'-o'ge, see p. 8) peri- 

 cardium; — nu'gohloka (<^nu' ge-ohlo' ka, see p. 8) meatus auditorius ('omige or 'onu'ge gnarl) 

 'i&ko'nafii (<Ciska'-o-nagi' t see p. 8; for onu'ge gnarl) the spot black inside horse's hoof; — ple-p'a' 

 buffalo skull; — suk-s\'te horse tail 



Evidently only such body parts are included in this list that are used so specifically that the 

 partitive idea prevails over the possessive. (See p. 69.) 

 Here belong also terms like — 



paha'-'ip'o" end of a hill; — 'ita'zipa-'ik'q* bow string; — wa-si'te {<Cwa'ta s\te' boat tail) rudder; — c'q-ha' 

 bark («=wood skin) 



Not all the partitives show the more complete degree of assimilation; for instance c'e'ga- 

 maVete rim of kettle (but also c*eh-ma'Vete). 



