academy of sciences] MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 89 



No. 2] 



to have lying on hand, ready; — *h%-g.nu' to singe off; — {-)k{za to squeak; — *kte' to kill; — *ksu' to do 

 beadwork, t'o-ksu to haul goods, aksu' to pile; — *k'uwa to pursue, chase; — *k'ute to shoot at; — 

 *k'a' to dig; 10a -fc'q to knock off small, loose objects (berries, wheat); — o-k'u to lend 



Regular are also: 



-b.leca to be shattered; — *napca to swallow (but Cah-na wakipca I swallow my saliva); p 'a to be 



pulplike; — at%'wq 10b to look around; I'aka to be barred, locked; zam.ni to remove cover; — ■ 



*sii' to braid; sleca to be sliced; — *sli'pa to lick, active; sfcutopare; s'o to trim edges; — 



*sut'a to miss; spu to break off; sna to miss aim; ceka to stagger; — *c'%' to desire; — 



-c'oc'o to splash; — ina'kpq to grind into bits; — (-)k'uk'a to be worn out (clothing) ; — *Ka' to bury; — 



-hpa to be down on ground (*hpa' untidy); — *hmu'ga to bewitch; Meca to be torn; htaka to 



touch with force 



'alo'-ksohq to carry on or under arm; — 'ac'a'-ksi to step over; — wo'-k'u to feed (no 1st dative); — 'i-h'q 

 to deal with, work with (not as: to cook, employs reflexive, see p. 90) ; — p'a-hta to tie a bundle; — 

 *%'c'a to imitate 



Many active verbs that are not transitive take dative forms: 



ma(we'ci)ni I walk in his stead; — iwa'k{i)c'i-wo'hqpi they have a dance feast; — we'cic'eyayaRca I worry 

 (cry) about hiiu 



§ 104-107. IRREGULAR USE OF FORMS 



§ 104. Irregular Use of we'- and waki- 



DOTJBLE FORMS 



1. In many cases waki and we'- are used indiscriminately for possessive forms. Examples 

 are: 



-p$% to be spilled; — *nap'\ to wear asanecklace; rn.na to rip; — oc'e'-t'i to build a fire in something; — 



*u-(V to shoot off; — (-)l'qni to wear out (clothing); sli to be squeezed; — -2^ to uproot; — 



i-g.ni' to look for; k'apa a roundish object moves swiftly through the air; yuk'a'pa to catch 



(a ball, etc.); — -k'(ta to be wiped; — -k l ica to be scraped; hica to be awake; — (-)hmi to be 



out of shape; — -hlaya to be peeled off; — na-h'%' to hear (no 1st dative); — na-hma' to hide 

 (naive lima, but ite' -nawa kilima I hide my face) 



FORMS LACKING Waki FORMS 



Verbs with inseparable ki lack the waki- forms: 



aki'i'o to be tattooed (active verb) awe'Co; — kit'% to wear (clothing, see p. 102) ; — t'o-ki'c\ to retaliate; — 

 kic'q' to wail over someone (we'c'q); — kikcq'pla to comfort; — wa-ki'g.leca to have feelings in body 

 that foretell coining events (wawe'g leca) ; — kig.le'ga to overtake someone; — kis% to braid hair; — 

 kic'o' to invite; — kic'u to give back one's own; — kig.na to soothe; — ha-ki'kta to look back; — 

 kikta to get up; — kiksu'ya to remember (wawe'ksuya) 



The following may be derived from inseparable ki with loss of vowel, although the k or g is 

 retained after we'-. This is suggested by si-g.la to feel resentful: si'ce-kila he considers his own 

 bad, ~>sikila^>sig.la; siwe'g.la I feel resentful about it. The shortening of si'ca to si is not rare, 

 p. e. sihti' very bad. 



c'et'n'-g.la to doubt, disbelieve; — iha'-kla to feel pulled back, to wish to stay with someone or some- 

 thing; — wa-kta' to expect, depend on; — i'yo-kteka to scold sharply; — *ksu to do beadwork 

 Also: *tka to flesh robe; — (-)V\za to be solid, firm; — *so'so to cut thongs in strips; — *ka'ga to make (see 

 p. 101); *ha to bury 



i°» Possessive in Yankton owa'kic'a. 

 i°b awe'ktttwq I look around for mine. 



