92 DAKOTA GRAMMAE tMEMOI [ voL. A £xiii I ; 



In a number of cases the possessive form does not refer to an object owned by the subject) 

 but to any object. These evidently contain the element ki as those of the preceding- group: 



'e'ktyza he forgets it, 'e'wektyza I forget it, 'e'loakikliiza 1st dative, 'e'lveciktiiza I forget his, forgive him; — 

 kiksu'ya he remembers it, we'ksuya I remember it (waki'ksuya not used), we'ciksuya I remember 

 for him; — kig.le'ga he catches up to him, as to someone going ahead, 'e'weg.lcga, or 'e'wakig.lega 1st 

 dative, I catch up with him, 'e'wecig.lega 2d dative; — also ko' za to wave, we'coza I wave to him, no 

 1st dative, we'cicoza 2d dative. 



§ 106. Irregular Forms of Verbs in g.l 



Irregular forms in we. The possessive forms of verbs beginning with y are g.l (see p. 87) and 

 take the pronouns wa, ya. wqya'ka to see, takes also the possessive form in g.l but uses we 

 instead of wa, omits however the corresponding ki in the third person: wqwe'g.laka, wqye'g.laka, 

 wqg.la'ka, wqu'g.laka to see one's own. The datives are regular wqwa'kiyaka, wqwe'ciyaka; — 

 iwe'g.lepa, third person ig.le'pa to vomit follows the same rule. 



A few verbs with initial g.l follow the same pattern but retain ki in the third person. 



sig.la' to resent, siwe'g.la I resent my own, siki'g.la he resents his own 



wawe'g.leca, waki'g.leca to feel signs of something evil approaching (like pains in body before bad weather, 



presentiment of bad news). This occurs only in possessive form 

 By contrast compare ip'i'yaka to wear a belt, ip'i'wag.laka I wear my own belt; also at%'wq to look 



around for something, awe' kti^wq and awd ki%wa. I look for iny own 



§ 107. Verbs With Initial k'i Expressing Contact u 



When k'i- is preceded by the pronoun, the verb takes no possessive and no datives. These 

 must be expressed by possessive pronouns accompanying the noun, or by making the verb subordi- 

 nate to another verb which takes the dative forms. 



mic'i'ksi wak'i'za I fight my son 



mit'a s%ke ak l i' wic'awakaska I hitch my horses together 



k'i's wag.lo'ku fighting him I brought mine along 



§§ 108-115. VERBS OF GOING AND COMING 



§ 108. Single and Compound Forms 



Verbs of going and coming have peculiar forms expressing going and coming to a place 

 where one belongs permanently or temporarily, clearly related to possessive forms, although 

 differing from the more common forms. These are: 



A B 



1. to be coming 'u' to be coming back to where one belongs ku' 



2. to be going ya' to be going back to where one belongs g.la' 



3. to arrive going V to arrive going back to where one belongs fcV 



4. to arrive coming hi' to arrive coming back to where one belongs g.W 



and the compounds of these: 



(4 and 1) A to start coming hiyu : B to start coming back to where one belongs g.licu' (<^g.li-ku) 

 (3 and 2) A to start going 'iya'ya li :ib.la'b.la 1st person; B to start going back to where one belongs k'ig.la' 

 (4 and 2) A to pass by going hiya'ya 16 ; B to pass by going back g.lig.la 



§ 109. Connective ya in Compound Forms 



In the forms g.licu' and k'ig.la', ya is inserted between the component parts. Miss Deloria 

 considers the forms with ya as recent formations. 



The use of these forms is, however, not regular. Some of the forms without ya seem 

 to be going out of use. 



>< See p. 80. 



18 Reduplicated. 



