academy of sciences] MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 95 



2A. (a) kaa'ya, waka'ya, or waka'b.la 



(b) ki'caya, we'caya, or we'cab.la 



(c) ki'cicaya; we'cicaya or we cicab.la 



(4 and 1) A. kahi yu (like 1) 



(4 and 1) B. kag.li'yaku (like 1) 



(3 and 2) A. kae'yaya, ivaka'cb.lab.la or waka'eyaya (rest like 1, derived from these forms) 



(3 and 2) B. kak'i'yag.la (like 1) 



(4 and 2) A. kahi'yaya (like 1) 



(4 and 2) B. kag.W yag.la (like 1) 



§ 112. Compounds of Verbs of Arriving 



The forms 'i', hi', kH', g.li' when combined with a following finite verb require the prefix 

 a when expressing a contemporaneous action. The pronoun stands with the finite verb. 



'ahi'-waskata I arrived here and played 

 'ahi'-skatapi they arrived here and played 



Exceptions are subordinate forms followed by yuka' to lie, 'i'yotaka to sit, hpa'ya to lie, hq' 

 to stand (inanimate objects), na'z% to stand (animate beings), -yqka to do something at once. 

 These express plurality without -pi or they may take -pi and leave off 'a-. The pronoun is pre- 

 fixed to 'i', hi', kH', g.li' and may be repeated in the finite verb. (See p. 84.) 



g.li-yn'ka he lay down ^ 



'aq.W-yuka or g.li-yv'kavi they lay down I , , . , , . . 



,.. , ,., , t , , >when coming back to where one belongs 



wag.h y%ka or wag.li -mi{ka 1 lay down 



yag.li'-y%ka or yag.W-nij.ka you lay downj 



ska'l gli-yq'ka the moment he arrived he began to play 



ska'l ag.W-yaka the moment they arrived they began to play 



%g M '-na zipi we arrived and stopped 



wag.li ' -naz\ or wag .W -nawa' z\ I arrived and stopped 



When successive, the verbs of arriving are finite and are used without 'a except in the third 

 person plural. Instead of the prefix 'a they may take the suffix pi. The former expresses an 

 indefinite group arriving, the latter definite persons. The form with prefix 'a may also mean 

 "to arrive bringing." 



skal-hi he arrived here to play; — skal-hi'pi they arrived here to play (definite persons); — skal-'a'hi 

 they arrived here to play (indefinite persons); — skal-'a'yahi you brought him here to play; — 

 (skal-ya'hi you arrived here to play) 



In a number of verbs we find hi which may be modified hi. 



h(hq (rain, snow, hail) falls (hq to stand); — hihpa'ya to fall (hpa to lie; cf. hihpe (wa)ya (I) cause to 

 fall; — ag.Whpe(wa)ya I bring here and leave 



§ 113. To Go, Come, for a Purpose 



The prefix hiyo' with verbs of motion expresses purpose. It is not used with the forms ex- 

 pressing going or coming back (the group B) ; instead he'ktakiya is used as adverb with the verbs 

 of u, ya, i, hi. 



hiyo'u he is coming for something, to get something 

 he'ktakiya hiyo'wai' I arrived back to get something 



