academy of sciences] MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 103 



§ 137. RECIPROCAL 28 



The reciprocal expressing action of two or several without reference to a third is expressed 

 by kic'i which takes the position of personal pronouns. The first person is we'c'i, the second 

 ye'c'i, the first person dual '%ki'c'i. 



'aki'c'ip'api they struck each other; — c'aki'c'ip'ap'api they stabbed each other 175.9;- — kic'i'ktepi 

 they killed each other 175.10; — kic'i zapi they fought each other 175.9 



When the first verb is in adverbial form kic'i may stand with the active finite verb. 



yu's kic'i' yqkahqpi 194.11, or kic'i'yus yqka'pi they were sitting holding each other 



With other adverbial forms kic'i is always attached to the finite verb. 



'ehq' -kic'i ipi then they came upon each other 175.6; — hena'os 'e'l kic'i'ipi s'a the two always came to 

 (visit) each other 



These forms may also be subordinated: 'aki'c'ip'a t'a'pi they struck each other dead (striking 

 each other they died). 



A second reciprocal 'i'c'i has always initial position. It expresses fundamentally the idea 

 that a third person handles objects in reference to each other, or that several persons handle each 

 other in reference to something else. 



kic'i caskapi they tie up each other, 'i'c'icaska he ties them (inanimate) together; — wqki'c'iyakapi 

 they see each other; 'i'c'iwqyaka he sees them (comparing) the one to the other (inanimate), 

 'i'c'iwqwic'ayaka (animate); — 'ik'o'yakic'iyapi they hold fast to each other (lit. they cause 

 each other to be held fast to each other), 'i'c'ik'oyakya he causes them to hold fast to each other 

 (inanimate). 



With objective reference: 



'ana'kic'itqpi they rush at each other, or at one another, 'i'c'inatqpi they rush (competing with each 

 other) at something; — 'oki'c'ihom..nipi they go around each other, 'i'c'iohom.ni ku pi they come 

 going (in regard to their coming) around each other. (The former would be a circular turning, 

 the latter a foreward motion in which the one by a turn to the side avoids the other who is in 

 his way) ; — k'aki 'c'ip'api they outdo each other, 'i'c'ik'apeya (adv.) outdoing each other in regard 

 to; — naki ' c'lwizipi they are jealous of each other (without reference to the object of jealousy); 

 'i'c'inawizipi they are jealous of each other in reference to the object of jealousy;- — 'i'c'icakizahq 

 it is making them squeak against each other 



The forms in 'i'c'i appear generally in adverbial form. 



'i'yq k{ 'i'c'iyap'a 'u' the stones striking them against each other she used; — kai'c'iyopteya 'iwa'kazo mad e 

 into a cross, I draw them 4.2; — 'i'c'icameya hq' they stood making them rub against each 

 other 21.14; — 'i'c'ipahaha hiyu'pi they came out, by pushing tumbling over each other 195.2 



§ 138. REFLEXIVE 



The reflexive is formed by the element ic'i which follows the objective pronoun, mic'i, 

 nic'i, '%ki'c'i; for instance, c'ami'c'ip'a, c'ani'c'ip'a, c'ai'c'ip'a, c'a% kic'ip'a to stab oneself. 



In verbs with instrumental prefixes ic'i follows to, wo and na (by cutting, by pushing from a 

 distance, with the foot). In verbs with pa by pushing, it precedes the prefix. 



wai'c'iksa he cuts himself; woi'c'ihpa he knocks himself over; — nai'c'ihtaka he kicks himself; — sap'i'c'iya 

 he blackens himself; — zuzeca-'ic'i'c'aga he made himself into a snake 28.5; — '%' yqk-'ic'ic'iya he 

 caused himself to run; — nii'c'iya he saved himself (caused himself to live) 30.1; — wai£ kaic'ilala 

 he regarded himself as a little important one (wa- indefinite; \' to be; ka kind of; la to consider; 

 la diminutive) 49.7 



- See also p. 79. 



