110 DAKOTA GRAMMAR (memoirs national 



■ LJ - v/ [Vol. XXIII, 



'ec'a he'ktatqhq nak\'kte, 'eya'pi' "then you will sit behind," they said 91.10; — c'q' 'au'yewaye, 'eyd -ho~uya 

 he'' "I caused him to grow on a tree," she said sending out her voice, it is said, 178.10; — mit'q' 

 hig.na'kula k\ li'la wag.la'Rce, 'eye' "my younger sister's miserable husband I abhor very much," 

 said she 202.9; — to'k'a-'ib.lab.lesni ye, 'eye"" I cannot go further," said she 217.18; — 'ece's li'la 

 c'e'ye s'a ye, 'eya'pi' "he is crying too much," they said 268.6; — 'awi' da-wag. li ye, 'eye'' "I brought 

 them home," he said 53.12; — 'it'o' we'cag\kle, 'ec'i" she thought, "I'll make it for him" 198.11; — 

 tuhinis hi'sni k\, 'eye'' "the one who never came before," said she 174.2; — he' wo't'ehi-wakila 

 k'li, 'eye" "I consider that hard on me," said she 178.14; — tuwe'ni V 'oki'hisni k'%, 'eye" "nobody is 

 able to hit it," she said 110.9; — 'ind 'v'pikte c'li, 'eye" or 'ind 'u'pikte, 'eye" "my parents will 

 come," he said 



Sometimes the k'y, would be used also, if the statement were not in quotation. In those 

 cases it expresses an emotional attitude. (See p. 158.) 



sak'i'p 'iit'i'kte se'ce 'y. (for k'y) I supposed we would camp together (disappointment) 254.1 



Note. — In a number of cases quotations end in kj, (after changed a, cj). These refer always 

 to emotional attitudes. (See p. 158.) 



niye's 'ik'i'yela nyke' c\ you are nearby (so why don't you do it) 196.3 



The quotation lak^o'ta-wiyq k\ 269.9 is merely a nominal exclamation. 



The particles lo, man speaking, le, woman speaking are employed following ye. The use 

 of these forms by men and women is somewhat distinct, ye lo is used for any declarative state- 

 ment intended to interest the hearer or as a remark not addressed to any particular person. 

 It always implies a personal opinion of the speaker. When used to close a sentence expressing 

 a well-known fact or one previously not known to the hearer it can be applied only by persons 

 of authority. 



'ekta' widdb.le lo' thither to them I go 2.7; — k'ica'kse lo' he has broken it in two 10.4; — wahte" malasni 

 ye lo' she does not consider me very good (she hates me) 97.13; — mama'kirvq we lo' he steals it from 

 me 97.17 



In soliloquy or addressing no one in particular men use the same ye lo as in statements 

 including an opinion, rarely ye alone; women use ye le with accent varying according to emotional 

 state. 



Man speaking: 



leksi' wic'dkte se'ce Id maybe he killed my uncles 90.11; — hyhyhe, le li'la mapa'zipe 16 well, well! 

 this one is certainly stinging me 131.16; — ta'ku lu'ta iye'c'ecasni ye lo' nothing is red like it 137.12; — 

 also without lo: h%'sko-t'qka 'y.' maka't'ikte se'ce maybe she will kill me with the one so large 173.16 



Woman speaking: 



'iye 'eha' makle' ye le that he should kill me! 173.18; — to'k'esk'e ta'ku 'iyo'kip'isni se'ce le' something 

 must not be pleasing to him 272.1; — 'oi'yokisice U it is saddening 16.3 



Women, in addressing particular persons are not expected to express an opinion. For this 

 reason they do not use le, but merely the accented ye' . 



hend 'ec'e'l 'eduk\pikte' those accordingly we shall do 14.1; — 'imdgagaic'iya ho'hotelawe'c'-q wac'i' ye' 

 amusing myself to use swinging I desire 167.7; — wic'a'yule' he eats them 55.1; — 'oka'lalaya he' 

 (<ihd) scattered they (inanimate) stand 14.5; — hehq'yq 'owa'kihisni ye' I am no longer able 52.8; — 

 lend 'au'masi ye' he ordered me to bring these 200.13; 'awa'u we' I bring it 199.18 



The ye lo' used by man, and the ye' and ye le' used by women do not change to unaccented 



forms in quotations. 



In indirect discourse the particle ye is not used. 



\ci nikte'kta ke'ye' lo' grandmother says that she will kill you 188.3; — 'u'kta ke'ye" he says that he will 

 come 206.13 



When shouting the glottal stop is omitted. It is not used with the imperative, interrogative, 

 optative, and negative sentences in tase' — ka. Exclamatory statements are similar to the 

 permissive imperative used by women, except that in stems ending in changeable a the ending 

 aye is contracted to e. 



