118 DAKOTA GRAMMAR tMEMO, [voL xxin 



With hq: lehq' up to this time; after all this time 

 tohq' . . . hehq as long as — that long 



lehq'-g.lisni' up to this time he has not returned 134.3; — to'hqweni mat'i'ktesni, tohq p'e'ta \'pisni zz k% 

 hehq' never I shall die as long as they do not use fire, so long 105.5 (at end of sentence hehq does not 

 change); — tohq'-g.lisni k{ hehq'-'awd'p'ekte' as long as he does not come back, that long I shall wait 

 for him; — kahq's expresses "no sooner" (lit. indeed at that time, pointed out), kahq's hq'pa wqzi' 

 b.lustq k'es wi'yop'eya 'iye'yel as soon as I finish a pair of moccasins he always sells it 



5. -hqyq: 



lehq yq this far (generally for space) wac'\' -lemcfhqyq — my mind (patience) is only this long;- — lehq'yq 

 ' ahi' hpemayi nq k'ig.le'' this far he accompanied me and then went home; — 'ispd k( hehq'yq pao'- 

 lilat'e 'iye'ya his elbows that far he pushed them under it 152.3; — hehq'yq 'owa'kihisni ye' I am no 

 longer able (lit. that far I am not able) 52.8; — hehq'yq b.ld 'owa'kihisni' I cannot go that far; — c'q- 

 i'hqke k\ hehq'yq wai" as far as the edge of the wood I went; — hehq' hqyq that long in each case; — 

 kahq'yq yug.la' unwind it that far (indicating the point); — tohq yq yac'%' k{ (hehq'yq) 'icu the in- 

 definite distance you want (that distance) take! (hehq'yq is always understood although it may 

 be omitted); — tohq'yq nic'u' he? how long a piece did he give you? — tohq'yq he' I hpa'yahi nq some 

 time there he lay and 277.11; — 'o'tohqyq 'ini'la yd pi' for some time silently they went 149.9 



6. hqyela only (this) far, more definitely limited than hqyq (5). 



lehq yela 'iwa'cu' I am taking only this much; — hehq'yela 'owi'hqke' only that far it goes 205.2; — 

 hehq'yela 'i'yakic'uni' only then he gave up 150.6; — hema'hqyela that finished me (lit. I was only 

 that long) ; — kahqyela only that long (time or space) ; — tohq'yela'i" he went part way, some distance 

 (no interrogative because la limits the distance) 



7. -hqhyniyq (from [i] h%'ni he arrives there): 



'oya'te k\ lehq' 'h-qniyq t'epw? c'ayah{kta tk'a' sk'e" the people always up to this time he would be eating 

 up, it is said 5.6; — hehq huniyq k'i' 'ahi'' all that time (distance) carrying it on his back he brought 

 it; — k'oska'laka k'y. 'i's leya"laka hehqh'qniyq 'ot'i'woia 'e'l '%" the youth referred to, he evi- 

 dently all that time at the campsite stayed 227.13; — kahq 'h%niyq psi'l g.le' all that way he went 

 hopping on his way home; — tohq 'huniyq k\ he' wahte malasni' it being from sometime (from I don't 

 know when) that he disliked me 



In questions tohq'yq would be preferred to tohq'huniyq. 



8. hq'l primarily time. The demonstrative derivatives often loosely used for space. 



hih%'nikta hq'l when he was about to arrive 51.11 ; — ndh'i( yqkd hq'l heya' while he sat hearing she said 

 65.13; — c'op'a'pikta hq'l 'ec'q'l when they were about to ford it, just then 67.14 (or c'op'a'pikte 

 c\ 'ec'q'l or c' op' a' pikte hcehq'l). hcehq'l expresses a welcome event; 'ec'q'l one unwelcome (see No 

 21) hcehq'l 51.6 64.4 



lehq'l during the present period 5.8, 79.4 



hehq'l during the period; after that; next 149.9; 150.7; 151.4 



yqk'q hehq'l wi'yq k'li — g.lusk\' nq then, after that the woman previously referred to — untied hers 

 and 65.15; — yq'k'q' hehq'l heya' ke" and then, after that she said that, it is said 67.17 



An idiomatic phrase: V, V, kahq'l 'es tukte'esni see! I told you so! literally V, 'i', after that 

 yonder it is not anything. 



Colloquially, although rarely, he'l is used in place of hehq'l for time. 



tohq'l mit'a'k'ola k\ 'ai'yapi c'q'he'l (instead of hehq'l) 'oma'hitike Id at any time when they slander my 

 friend, that is when (instead of at that time) I get wild; — he' '%' tohq'l k'oska'laka ki wa'g.lig.li 

 therefore, whenever the young man brought something home 275.9; — iohdlsna at certain times 



9. -hqtq; 10. hqtqhq from a time on: 



'ehq'tq-slolwd'ye Id already I know it 149.5 (already at that moment) ; — 'ehq'tq wo'ksape yuha" 

 already he had wisdom; — 'ehq'tqhq wic'a'sa wqzi'kzi 'i'h'eyd wo'ksape yuha pi' ever since the 

 beginning of time continuously some men they also had wisdom; — 'osni' 'ahi' k( hehq'tq 'oma'nisni' 

 the cold coming since that time he did not walk about; — tohq'tq 'ima'c'age c\ hehq'tq t-qweni he'c'a 

 wa'tesni' since I was born (grew up) I never ate that kind; — 'ehq'ni t'qma'opi yqk'q hehq'tqhq 

 lehq'hqniyq ima'kakize long ago my body was hit and then ever since that time up to now I am 



w Or p'e'ta tohq'-upi$ni. 



