122 DAKOTA GRAMMAR [MEMOI [ E voL A xxin 



Examples of to'k'a: 



nq ta'ku to'k'a hq'tqhqs 'oya'ha yo' and if anything is in any way, tell! 65.6; — to'k'a c'a le' niya'te le'c'el 

 hpa'ya huwo'? why is it (what is of such a kind) that your father lies in this way? 133.14 



Duplicated 'ec'a'c'a, 'ec'a'c'as unquestionably, without specific purpose. 



'ec'a' c'a-'ist£me' he is unquestionably asleep; — 'ec'a'c'a 'isti'mesni' he is entirely of the kind that he 

 does not sleep (i. e., he cannot sleep); — tok'e' 'ec'a' c'a-' oma^nihq i: > he is walking about without 

 specific purpose 19.1; — tok'e' 'ec'a'c'a-lowqkta zi for diversion he would sing 26.12; — tok'e' 'ec'a'c'a 

 in an easy manner, nonchalantly (in some manner as it ought to be) or tok'e' c'ac'a (see p. 139); — 

 tok'e unaccented introduces a rhetorical question 



30. -k'ala, 'ec'a'la adverb and verb: 



wana ec'a'lakte' now it will be soon; it will not be long; — male'c'ala' I am of recent times; — lec'a'la 

 k'ig.le" he left just a little while ago; — lec'a's just a minute ago 



31. k'e: 



yq'k'q' le'c'e lo and behold, thus! le'c'e thus; often used instead of, or with yq'k'a' lo and behold! — 

 'i's he'c'e in his own way 64.1; — he'c'ehci in that very way 5.6; — he'c'es used in narratives with very 

 weak meaning "and now," or "now" at the beginning of a tale 77.6, 77.12, 151.12 



32. -k'eya really: 



waste' 'ec'e'ya-waste*' she is as good as she is beautiful; — le'c'eya wama'yazq' I am actually sick now 

 (although you may not believe it); — he'c'eya' to'k'ah'q sk'e" he was really lost somewhere 133.7; — 

 w\yq k'% he'c'eya loc'i' k\ the aforesaid woman who was really hungry 171.11; — he'c'el yqka'he 

 c'u he'c'eya' li'la 'iyo'kisica '%' t'eki'nica sk'e" the one who was sitting there actually with really 

 great sadness he was almost dead, it is said 225.17 — he'c'eya'-heya he? did he really say (and 

 mean) it? (also ec'a'k'el-heya hef) 



Also with the meaning "just now": 



le'l yqka'hqpi nq le' c'eyo! -k'ig.la"pi' they had been sitting about here and just now they left; — he'c'eya'- 

 hina* z\ hq'l 'e'l wak'i" he had just arrived and stopped when I got home there 



33. -k'e'l, 'ec'e'l accordingly, properly (adv.), see 'ec'e'ca ( verb): 



he'c'ena 'isto' k'% he' 'ec'e'l 'o'kicistqpi' continuing that way the aforesaid arm that properly they put 

 into place 135.17; — nihq'sni yqka'hq 'ec'e'l t'o'ka k\ kak'i'yot'q 'e'yaya paying no attention he was 

 sitting till the enemy somewhere went 71.15;— to'k'esk'e c'iye' ' oho walasni 'iye'c'el wae' c'amukia he? 

 how can I (as if) dishonoring my brother thus I shall do? 181.4; — tk'a' 'ak'e' wic'a'sa 'iye'c'el 

 'oya'ya niyu'k'e but also a man in that way limbs are to you (you have) 214.3; — 'i's-'eya' wic'a'sa 

 'iye'c'el c'aze'yal wo'yuha yuha' k'iyapi' it also a human being (as if) in that way in its name 

 property they caused to have 274.7 (as though it [a doll] were a man, they give property in its 

 name); — hake'la le'c'el 'eci'yapi' thus they said to Hakela 65.4; — to'k'a c'a le' niya'te le'c'el hpa'ya 

 huwo"' why this your father thus lies? 133.14; — le'c'el 'eyo! indeed it being so, i. e., to be sure; — ■ 

 he'c'el 'ec'ii thus she did 66.3; — he'c'el m.nic'o'kaya k'ina ' z\pi thus in the middle of the water 

 they stop 70.14; — nq ka'k'el c'iye'ku g.li'pi and the instant his elder brothers returned 65.14; — tok'i 

 t'ako za ka'k'el nq ka'k'el yuha' ni' would that my grandson had such and such 122.15; — 'i'ya 

 to'k'el g.na'yikta he'c{hq he' 'iyu'kcq Iya how he would trap him that he thought about 3.7; — nq 

 hetq'hq 'ak'e' to'k'el 'iya'yeca c'e'l and from there again which way he went, who knows? 5.11; — 

 to'k'el-'okthika p'qp'q'la ke" they say it was somehow extremely breakable 66.8; — reduplicated 

 'ec'e'kc'e 180.12 



34. 'ec'e'lya implying sufficiently, suitably, in a proper way: 



c'eyi'kta 'iye'c'elya ksu'yeye sq' c'e'yesni' so as to cry sufficiently he was hurt but he did not cry; — 

 'ec'e'lya s'e 'ti-wa'c'i' try to live in that way, as it were; — he'c'elya s'e in that manner, as it were; 

 somewhat in that manner; — ka'k'elya s'e 'e'g.le he set it in that way, as it were; — 'i'p'ikta 

 'iye'c'elya wak'u" what would be good for him in that way (sufficiently) I gave him, i. e., I gave him 

 what should have been enough for him; to'k'elyakel in a way, after a fashion 



1 Correct 'ec'a'ca in text to 'ec'a'ftt. 



