Academy of Sciences] 

 No. 2] 



MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 129 



When a body part is personified or addressed, the possessive pronouns are always mi, ni, 



%ki. 



"miifze, Una awq'miciyaka yo'" my buttocks! watch these for me! 30 

 mic'q*te t'is-i'c'iya yo' my heart! make thyself firm! 



The possessive pronouns ma (mi), ni, %ki are used only when the body parts are used predi- 

 catively. 



le' ta'ku he"! he mina'-pe' what it this? It is my hand 



When body parts appear as purely nominal forms, possession is expressed in the verb. 40 



(See p. 86.) 



si' maha'hv? he slashed my foot (he slashed me the foot) 



cqte 'a'taya we'c'%' with my whole heart (I use my whole heart) 



§ 161. Terms of Relationship 



Terms of relationship take the possessive pronouns expressing inseparable possession, 

 mi, ni, tiki. In addition they take the suffix -hi; after terminal i, and %, -tku or cu for the third 

 person. The first person possessive is omitted in many terms. On account of the numerous 

 irregularities we give the list of terms according to their forms. 



1. Regular ending in a, e, q, o, s 



i Santee c'i'cu. 



1 It is customary to say wi'yq miVa'wa my wife, not mit'a'w\ because the latter points to sexual relations; also wic'a'sa miVa'wa my husband. 

 mit'a' wic'a'sa is used jokingly for "my fellow." 



8 mqse' designates particular companionship. Compare tvase' female friend of woman. 

 * haka'taya he (she) has for his (her) sister (brother) or female (male) cross-cousin. 



grandfather 



(his) younger sister 



(her) female cross-cousin. 



(his) male cross-cousin 



(his) female cross-cousin _. 

 (her) male cross-cousin. ._ 

 mother's brother 



«° Western Ogalala children Vukq'ta. 



e Yankton and Santee use both deksi' and mide'kzi. 



39 Quoted from an Ikto'mi story. 



*o The use of possessive pronouns in the translations of the Psalms by Riggs and Williamson is largely unidiomatic. 



