130 



DAKOTA GRAMMAR 



2. Ending in H, i t % and e — Continued 



Ending ~cu 



[Memoirs National 

 [Vol. XXIII, 



father's sister_ 

 wife 



(bis) elder brother.. _ 

 (her) brother-in-law. 



t'uwi' 

 (wjnu'Hca) 



ctye 

 sic'e' 



tuwi'cu 



t'awi'cu 



c'i'cu fl (Santee) 

 sic'e'cu 



t'uwj' 



(miC a'wi) wfyq mifa'- 

 iva k\ very formal, 

 w\nu'Uca very infor- 

 mal 



iicV 



nit' a'wi 



TiiH'c'e 



* Teton c'iye'ku. 



Irregular 



father 



(his, her) younger brother, 

 father-in-law 



son 



daughter 



mother 



grandmother 



mother-in-law 



her younger sister 



grandchild 



(his) sister's daughter., 

 her brother's daughter. 



'ate' 

 misti' 

 t'qkqsi' 7 

 c'fks s 

 c'uki 8 

 *ina s 



\^ci' , k^Vi'si 

 'r^ciH' 

 miVq' 

 t'akoza' 

 VViia! 

 Voiq' 



'atku'ku 



sitka' ku 



t'ukq'ku 



c'\hi'tku 



c'uwi'tku 



hii'ku 



k'n'sitku 



k'li'ku 



t'qka'ku 



t'ako'zakpaku 



t'uiq'k'u 



t'ozq'k'u 



'ate' 



misq'(kala) 



Vttkq'si 



mic'i'k^i 



mic'u'ksi 



'ina' 



'lid', k'li'&i 



'xici'si 



mit'q'(kala) 



Vako'za 



t'u.zq' (mif q' Zq) 



t'ozq', mit'o'iq 



niya'te 



nisii'kala 



niVii'kq 



nic'i'k&i 



nic'u'ksi 



mh-q' 



nik'u'ii 



nik*u' 



niVq'kala 



nit'a'kota 



tjjYV zq(la) 



nit'o'iq(la) 



7 Also ^uka'si, t'qka'ku, nit'u'ka. 



8 Western Ogalala c l {kii' and cH{khi'. 



11 Also 'ina'cik'ata, little mother, 'ina'-iUq'hq make believe mother, terms for mother's sister. 



When the form in address occurs in course of conversation the terms are without accent; 

 when the address is used as a call, the last s^yllable bears a strong accent. 



For the use of the article with terms of relationship, see page 134. 



The first person dual and plural is not expressed by means of the possessive pronoun, but by 

 the verbal expression 'yyq^pi k\ the one we have for: 

 cHye' \yqpi k{ our (plural) elder brother 



For the first person dual of miVa'kos my child-in-law, the phrase mwo'ha k% the woman who 

 is staying owing to attraction, from yuha is used: to stay with someone owing to permanent 

 attraction (like children with their mother, friends, etc.). 



Plurals formed with pi express the plural as related to several individuals. 



^ozq'k^upi k\ the daughter of the brother of several women 

 Vy-ka'sitkupi k\ their (of a group of brothers, cousins) grandfather 



When the relatives (here brothers, grandfathers) are also plural an adjective like "all, many, 

 several" must be added. 



If the possessor is singular the forms with ya to have, are used: 



^ozq' -roic^a'waye cj, those I have for nieces (woman speaking) 



The same may also be expressed by the possessive form, if a definite or indefinite numeral is 

 added: 



mit K d zq Hyu'ha all my nieces (woman speaking) 



or by adding pi to the verb: 



miCo zq k{ g.li'pi' my nieces have come back; when known to the person addressed k% is omitted 



The third person plural possessive: 



t^ak^o'lakupi k% hq'ske* their friend is tall 

 Vak*o'lakupi k% hq skaskapi* their friends are tall 



