academy of sciences] MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 133 



According to their meaning certain of these nouns can take only one or the other form: 

 t'o'ye his tracks; t'o'he his place (in society, in the tent) t'o'h'q his deeds; t'o'mawahit'yku his or 

 her child-in-law's parents. 



On the other hand we have only Vao'inazi the place where he stops (just once). 



The same principle prevails in words with initial 'if,: 



i'aii'linage his fire place, (t'au'hnaga Santee), i'u'hna'ge his home fireplace 

 t'li'kce his excrements 



Nouns beginning with wo' (a contraction of wa-o) are treated in a similar manner. Those 

 expressing concrete objects do not form contractions. 



t'awo'yuie his food; — t' awo' yaptapi the food he left over; — t'awo'k'oyake his dress; — t'awo'heyaka the 

 pay of a shaman; — t'awo'wapi his letter; — t'awo'wasi his worker, his guardian spirit 



In abstract nouns the abstract quality and the results of the quality, or acts due to it are 

 distinguished, the abstract quality by contraction with loss of w, the result by lack of contraction. 



t'o'waste k\ 'iwi'c'ab.leze' his goodness is refreshing, V awo waste k\ 'o'takiya' the results of his goodness 

 (his kindly acts) are varied; — t'o'c'qikiye ki 'iyo'mahi' his love (in form of a gift) reaches me; 

 t'awo'c'qtkiye k{ yawa pHcasni' the results of his love (of making someone beloved) cannot be 

 counted;' — t'o'witq k\ wic'o't'i-aHaya wqya'kapi' his glory is perceived by the whole village; t'awo'- 

 witq k\ 'ak'i'sokya hiye'ye' the results of his glory (honor) lie thickly about; — t'o'sice k\ tHwa'he- 

 t'awa k\ 'a'taya 'oka'htq' his badness saturates his whole family (i. e., the standing of the family 

 suffers on account of the badness of one member); t'awo'sice k\ '%' kaska'pi-s'a' on account of ('%) 

 the results of his badness he is always being jailed; — also Co'kuze his will; i'awo'k-qze rules decreed 

 by him 



Nouns beginning with 'i are ordinarily not contracted. A few terms expressing close rela- 

 tion are found only with initial t%. Some of these are probably derived from obsolete stems ia i. 



t'i'takuye consanguineal relative (see 'ota'kuye a relative; or from t'i' household) 

 Vi'hiyetku his master (i. e., owner of a pet animal, of a guardian spirit) 

 Vi'pahi his pillow, given by Riggs is not used by the Teton 



Note. — In Teton we find t^ai'tazipa and t ^i'tazipa (or t'i'tazipa ?), Santee t'i'nazipe, his bow. 

 Tbis is derived from ita'zipa suggesting a change from n to t. In Assiniboine we have 

 wio'kicizipapi they put up a tent for him (wi- tent, kici- for; zipa to be stretched). Accordingly 

 ina'zipa would mean "to stretch by inner force against." A similar case of a possible change 

 of na to ta is tasa'ka frozen stiff (na by inner force). 



§ 1G3. THE ARTICLE 



There are three articles, k\ (c% after a changed to e), 43 definite article ; k' % (c' % after a changed 

 to e), 43 among western Teton often 'y,, definite past, previously referred to or already known ; and 

 wq a certain one; pi. k l eya' . The numeral wqzi' is used as an indefinite article. 



kj,: 



'oya'te ki 'aki's'api' the people shouted 



p'ehi' k{ 'e'g.na psi'l 'u'pi' among the hair they jumped about 48.1 



wik'o' skalaka ki 'ec'u' c'i'sni' the young woman was unwilling to do it 47.5 



k'y: 44 



wo'p'ahta k\ g.luzu'zu he undid his aforesaid package 20.10 

 t'a'lica-ltoksi'la k'% 'icu he took the aforesaid deer boy 26.9 



wq: 



'qpe'lu wq el ho'c'okata i" on a certain day he went to the center of the camp circle 8.2 

 'oya'te wq t'i'pi' a certain people dwelled 46.1 



tHyo' p-'ik'q yela wimi'licala wq yqke" near the doorway a certain old woman was sitting 54.1 

 ta'ku wq a certain thing; tuwe' wq a certain person 



43 See p. 14. 



'< For use of k'u as past tense, see also p. 107. 

 162236°— 41 10 



