144 DAKOTA GRAMMAR [MEMOI [ R voL A xxin 



-tqhq: 



wakpa'tqhq 'o'wap'a' I belong (am joined) on the side of the river (i. e., I belong to the river section) ; — 

 paha'lqhq hihu'ni' he arrived coming from the hills; — t'awi'cu k\ t'ima'hetqhq ho'uyi nq — his wife 

 from the inside of the tipi called out and — 115.14; — paha'-'ak'o'tqhq on yonder side of the hill 

 118.12 



With monosyllabic nouns 

 -yata: 



kic'i' i'iya'ta k'i" — with him he arrived at his home 122.10; — m.niya'ta ska'tapi' they are playing at the 

 water; — m.niya'ta hok'u wa-m.nikte' to the water to fish I shall go 



-yatakiya: 



tHya'takiya k'ig.le" he went towards his home 



-yatqhq: 



b.leya'tqhq 'ag.le'ska k{ lend 'u'pi' from the lake these lizards come; — c'qya'tqhq 'ece'-'op'iic'iye' on the 

 side of the woods he always keeps 



lieya'wap'aya farther away (p. 143, no. 7) contains also the syllable ya 



Exceptions are the polysyllabic nouns c*atka' left hand 185.15, and wana'gi spirit 232.1 

 which take ya before the locative suffixes, like monosyllabic noims. The form hohe'yatqhq 

 111.17 away from the camp circle is a compound of ho camp circle and heya'tqhq away from. 



The locative ending -/, and the verbal ending -(e)tu are also attached to nouns expressing 

 location or time, not to other nouns, and to demonstratives (see p. 59) ; -wap*a is attached only to 

 nouns expressing location. 



The following nouns take I and tu: 



t'i'l in a tent; — mani'l in the wilderness, mani'tu; — c l q'l in the woods; — mqk'a'l in the ground;- — hewo'- 

 skql, Rewo' skqtu in the desert; — mak'o'skql, mak'o' skqtu in a desert place 



With other nouns e'l is used: 



wic'a'sa loq 'o'huta k% 'e'l hpa'yahq a man on the shore lay 147.17; — t'i'pi wq 'e'l 'ihifSnipi at a tipi they 

 arrived 149.12; — 'ita'zipa'e'l'ik'o'yakyinq — he fastened it to his bow and — 151.8; — c'qpa'm.na wq 

 'e'l \yq'kapi at a clump of trees we are sitting 153.4; — c'iye'kug.li'pik'e'l 'oivi'c'akiyaka (k'e'iy-ki+ 

 'e'l) to his elder brothers returned upon this he told 66.4; — mak'a' k\ 'a'taya 'etq' hina'p'a from the 

 whole ground they came up 67.8; — c'q' k\ 'etq'hq hiyu out of the woods she came 67.15; — p'e'ta k\ 

 'etq'hq hiyu out of the fire it comes 105.7 



§ 165. CONJUNCTIONS 



nq (Y. and S. k'a) is used as a conjunction connecting nouns and clauses. In the latter 

 case it changes preceding terminal a of a verb to % (Y. and S. to e), if the a is changeable. The 

 tendency in speaking is to make a short pause after nq when it is a conjunction connecting 

 clauses. 



'ec'a's su'kak'q' nq t'i'pi nq w\'yq wqzi' waste' c'a he'c'el ' %ni' c' upikte' later on we will give you a horse 

 and a house and a beautiful woman being of that kind thus we shall give you 160.3; — wic'a'sa wq 

 mani'l 'oma'ni-i nq, wana' htaye'tu 'a'ya cqke' — a man was walking, away from camp, and now 

 evening it became and so — 163.1; — mi'la wq 'iye'ic'iyi nq, yuhd ya'hq a knife he found for himself 

 and having it he was going 70.1 



yu'k'q' and then, introduces a new element ('y'k^q' Y. S.): 



'iya'yapike';yi{'k'q' ka'l 'it'u'hu-c'q wq t'q'ka hq' they went along it is said; and then there a large oak 

 tree stood 77.12; — fate' -hiyu yuk'q' c'aho'ta wob.lu' 'iye'ye' a wind came, and then ashes it 

 blew away 77.16; — emphatic: yq'k'q's 15.8 (see p. 147) 



c'qke' (Y. c'qk'e') and so: 



c'e'yaya wo'wasi 'ec'y,' c'qke' c\w%tku k\ 'ak'e' 'o'kiye' crying she did her work, and so her daughter again 

 helped her (cry) 15.8;- — he'c'el lowq' c'qke' 'isto'g.mus wac'i'hqpi thus he sang, and so with shut eyes 

 they were dancing 21.5 



nqi's or: 



h%h%ht, mis% nqi's c'iye~~ well, well, well! younger brother or elder brother 1.5; — p'qgi' nqi's mak'a'- 

 lom.nica nqi's sikpq'ka artichokes or earth-beans or roots (sp. ?) 97.16; — wq'zu nai's hq'pa k'o' 

 quivers or moccasins also 89.8 





