150 DAKOTA GRAMMAR [Memoirs National 



- Lt ' VJ [Vol. XXIII, 



'iska-'i-'i-'i (also the whole repeated) stalling when delaying an answer. Slow speakers 

 often begin their sentences with \. — Y. n%ske, nifrn%-n%, or simply n% 



'ohq:' O yes! now I understand! 



'ohii'wela, 'oh%'welaka of all things ! that it should come to this ! 



'oze' 'oze' 'oze' (quick) exclamation expressing ridicule, disapproval of smallness in action 

 (Yankton). 



'ozela' admiration or surprise regarding small things, tricks, actions of young children or 

 small animals (yui'ze to confuse order of things). 



'^h, hoh (Santee hoho') (man speaking) denial, opposition to an expressed opinion. Sentences 

 beginning with tase' are often preceded by 'oh or hoh. Women say hiya (unaccented)no, before 

 tase'. Also if things are going wrong 20. 8 



'usti", husti", or 'osti" (man speaking) too bad! hard luck! 28.18. 



yd' long in high key. Exclamation of women expressing fear, amazement, horror. 



yi' calling attention of a stranger ; also the same as the preceding, used by western Teton women. 



VU, W, VU, yu ( & t intervals) exclamation of pain, indicating a steady, sharp pain. 



yd said by women, correcting a child. 



yd, luwe'ni he'c*a he'c'%sni ye' nobody does like that. Also 172.8 



wq' (man speaking), mq' or mq (woman speaking) exclamation calling people at a distance; 

 also expressing hesitation, for instance when addressing strangers the proper term of address not 

 being known ; generally wq-% ; or wq-\ska ; also in answers. 



'ec'a's wat'i' k% 'ekta' yd . — wq, 'owa'kihisni ye lo' go to my home if you can.- — Ah, but I am unable (to go); 

 — to'kH ni'kta he? — wq le'c'i mi'c'opi c'a le' 'ekta b.le' lo' where are you going? — Why, they invited 

 me here, so here I am going. Both these answers might also take in addition a terminal wq. 



wafite'sni kj the wretch! 



(wahti'ka delicate, very fragile, like the wing of a moth) 



we' we' a call driving dogs 172.2. 



wi' (very high) used by women, expression of mild annoyance. 

 wl- hes my.'kle c'% oh dear! I was just going to use it 



wi', wi's exclamation when a blow or shot just misses the mark 141.11. 



wi-, wi-, wi- the same as the last. 



ha'o yes (said by men). 



haho', haho' thanks! to human beings. 



haye'; haye' haye' haye' thanks! addressed to the supernatural. 



has such bad luck! 1.10 



hq yes (said by both sexes). 



hq'ta' said to children; also hq'ta yo' or hq'tiye' (said by men) get out of the way! 



hq't" hq't" hq't" (said quickly) get out of the way! (obsolescent, Yankton han han han) 



he" (high and short), also huhe" (used by young women) indicating a sneering contempt of an 

 unsustained claim of prestige. The stronger the feeling the stronger the glottal stop. A woman 

 praising her daughter said: 



tuwa le' Ele'ni 'e'ke sa' , (literally, someone this Ellen that sort of even though) is there anyone like 

 Ellen! A person disputing this claim answered he" 



he' used by men; the same meaning as si', yi'. 



hehehe' ; hehehi', hehi' , hehehi' , or hehehe: often beginning sentences, then always with short 

 terminal e. Expressing disinclination to do something that has to be done 15.14. 



hiya' no (said by both sexes). 



hina' hina' hina' (said by women) sudden surprise and disapproval. 



hind-' a milder expression of disapproval. 



hini' (strong accent) thanks ! said only by the chorus in the hyka' ceremony at the end of 

 each verse. 



