a^dbmy of sc.BNcas] MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 159 



Hna to'k'iya la he? — niya'te 'ekta' b.la' wqs mother! where are you going? I am going to your father 

 (as you might know) ; — tos, wana' 'iya'ya wqs yes, now he has gone (as you might know, or, as a 

 surprise); — wana' 'iya'ya loq why! he is gone!; — mi' la wq le'l yqke' 'y.' to'k'ah'q sot 'icu'so? — tos, 

 t'a'wa tuqs A knife that was here, where is it? Did he take it? — Yes, of course, it is his. 



mit'o' zq 'isto' pawe'ga wqs my niece broke her arm; — mq k'e'ya 'oma'k'qsni wq you might know that I 

 am too busy (woman speaking; man would begin with wq) 



A man thought not to be very ill died. His female cross-cousin, when her husband came back from 

 a visit to him asked: sic'e'si to'k'eluka he? how is my cousin? The answer, expressing the shock 

 was, t'a' wqs he is dead; — Regarding a man who had deserted his helpless stepmother it was 

 said: ta'ku yuha' k% 'iyu'hahci g.lok'x yag.le' whatever he owned he took away with him to his own 

 place; — A listener asked: 'etq'hqs wo'yute kam.na' k\ hena' k'o ka. Certainly not the food he had 

 provided too! Reply: tos, hena' k'o' wqs yes, shocking! even that! 



Other examples are: 



wq, k'u'la ye', wq, nici'lala ye Oh give it to him, the little one asks for it (said by a man regarding a child 

 that kept on asking its mother for something she had) ; — wq ascu'la se'ce W wq, leha'he say! hold 

 on! maybe she is really "smitten" by him, and you are saying this! 



The form k{s is also extended to kisto, kisto, or ksto, and k'% with loss of k' (see p. 21) to 

 '%sto. The ending may be shortened from to'k'a what of it! The form '%sto is a reminder of 

 something that happened in the past 249.8. 



nit'tj-'kasila wi' hina'p'esnihq kikla'pi 'listo' your forebears used to get up before sunrise (a reproach to 

 a lazy person) ; — hehe' 'ysto (you promised that, now keep your promise) 



The use of kisto seems to give to a statement a friendly tone, chummy, confidential. 



ki'tqhci' mig.lu'stq c'a wahi'ksto at last I have finished so I have come 



The mood of the speaker is also expressed in the adversative conjunctions tk'a's, k'e'yas 

 and (ye)sq' which express in order approval, disinterestedness, and disapproval. (See p. 145; 

 also p. 120, no. 20). 



Instead: V V, k*es, 'iye's, 'e's after vowels, 'e'ha'. 'e' e' if indifferent whether one or the 

 other is preferable. 



wi'yq wq wqb.W -h{g .na' ye c'~q hece'la nap'e'sni, 'e' 'e' c'uKlo'ka wq 'ekta' ' ina' hma-iyo' taka a woman the 

 one referred to who had the eagle husband that one alone did not flee, instead in a hollow tree 

 there hiding she sat 121.18; — nq V V li'la wasi'g.lapi and instead they mourned much 218.4; — 

 tok'e'hci t'ako za sica'ya nic'u'wa k'e'yas ta'keyesni nq V V k'ohq' hq'pa 'uwe'ya k'o' ka' go.' however 

 much my grandson badly treats you, anything say not and instead meanwhile moccasins, lunch 

 also make 239.4; — le' V '%' use this instead! 



k'es instead of something wanted, as a substitute. 



hena V k'es waya'ka wic'a yuzapi those instead they took as prisoners 276.5; — wq'cak ta'ku 'eye'sni 

 k'es mic'ti'ksi k'u' wo' at once instead of saying anything give him my daughter 12.9; — niye'c'ika 

 k'es kic'i' yo' by yourself instead (of me) carry it on your back 190.3; — 'ini'la k'es heya'p 'iya'ya 

 yo' keep still (instead of talking) and go away 126.13; — 'e'ka k'es instead of the right things — 

 ta'kuka k'es instead of anything, i. e., whatever it may be; tukte'tuka k'es anywhere; tuwe'ka 

 k'es whoever; tohq'tuka k 'es any time; — tuive'hak'es'oki'yaka yo' tell any and everybody; — tuwe'ka 

 k'esk'es wic'a'kco' he invited everyone whoever he might be; — c'qke' he'c'etu k'es kiyu'gq and so 

 anyway she opened 191.11 



'iye's, 'e's after vowels s, instead of something inferior something better. 



sina' ki 'e'na 'e'g.nak\ nq'iye's 62 waksi'ca k\ he' 'a'ya yo! the blanket there leave and the dish (as a better 

 present) take! or waksi'ca k\ he' 'es (or he's) 'a'ya yo'; — 'iye's c'q-ka'ksaksasni he had better 

 chop wood (instead of doing something else; — c'q's kaksa'ksasni he had better chop wood 

 (rather than use other material) 



'e'ha' « V 'eha') instead of what is wanted something that cannot be used. 



niye 'e'ha' yahi' hef did you come instead? (you cannot help me); — (niye' k'es yahi' het as an acceptable 

 though not quite adequate substitute) ; — le 'eha' mak'u" he gave me this instead (and it is use- 

 less) ; — hq pa-waste" ste k'u, hena' 'e'ha' 'owi'c'awak'u' the good moccasins instead of others I lent 

 to them; — miye' 'e'ha' 'iyo'p'emaye'' he scolded me instead (of somebody else who deserved it) 



« Or he' •t'i. 



