56 OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS ACADEMY MEMBERS lMEM0 \v L. x xxm, 



Table 44. — Bigonial diameter 



Subjects 



Average 



Minimum 



Maximum 



Range of variation in precentage of the average 



a 



cv 



Members of the Academy 



Old Americans 



100 



10. 61 ±0. 036 



9.2 



11.7 



28. 56 



0. 535 ± 0. 025 



5. 05 ±0.24 



Not old Americans 



50 



10. 77 ±0.047 



9.9 



12.2 



SI. 36 



0. 492 ±0.033 



4. 57±0. 31 



Old Americans 

 at large (labo- 

 ratory series) 



247 



10.63 



9.0 



12. 6 



S3. 87 



Subjects to 60 years of age, inclusive 

 Average 



Over 60 years of age 



Average 



Members of the Academy 



Old Americans 



60 

 6.04 



40 

 6.22 



Not old 

 Americans 



22 

 6. 19 



28 

 6. 18 



Old Americans 

 at large (labo- 

 ratory series) 



247 

 6.09 



BIGONIAL BREADTH VERSUS HEAD BREADTH 



Members of the Academy 



Old Americans 



Not old 

 Americans 



Old Americans 

 at large (labo- 

 ratory series) 



Subjects 



Average. 



100 

 67.77 



50 

 68.01 



247 

 68.67 



The bigonial breadth in absolute figures is slightly larger in the members of more recent 

 than in those of old American ancestry, and identical in the latter with that of the cultured old 

 Americans at large. In relation to stature, taking only the academicians up to 60, the not old 

 American members exceed somewhat, the old American are slightly inferior to, the outsiders. 

 In relation to head-breadth both groups of members, especially the old Americans, show slightly 

 inferior to the nonmembers, due not to a lesser bigonial breadth but to the relatively greater 

 head breadth of the former. 



It should be borne in mind that the above comparisons are made with a group of old Amer- 

 cans (laboratory series) that was above the general average culturally, the measurement not 

 having been taken on the other contingents. There are available, however, nice series of data 

 secured under my direction by Dr. Mary T. Mernin on 100 German and 100 French adult male 

 immigrants up to 60 years of age, passing through Ellis Island before the present restrictions 

 on immigration. 



