74 OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS ACADEMY MEMBERS 1M ""°^o£ xxn£ 



In the members of the Academy the chest, with one exception in which there were traces of 

 some rachitis in childhood, was remarkably normal, and frequently well developed by either 

 earlier muscular work or, more commonly, through sports during youth. Only a few cases had 

 to be excluded due to marked senile changes. 



The mean of the two measurements of the chest gives the mean diameter of the chest, or 

 chest module, which is very useful for comparison with stature or with the length of the trunk; 



and the percental relation of the two ( — t> qf uh — )' gives the chest index, which is of especial 



value in the study of age changes. All these items are given in the following tables, together 

 with comparisons with the more cultured class of the old Americans outside of the Academy. 



Table 56. — Chest breadth ' 



Members of the Academy 



Old Americans 



Not old American? 



Old Americans 



at large 



ftaboratory 



series) 



Subjects 



Average 



Minimum 



Maximum 



Range of variation in percentage of the average 



O" 



CV 



92 



30. 29 ±0. 14 



26.0 



35.0 



29. 71 



1. 92 ±0. 10 



6. 31 ±0.31 



49 



30. 33 ±0. 18 



25.4 



34. 2 



29. 01 



1. 85 ±0. 13 



6. 09 ±0.41 



246 



29. 76 



25. 1 



38.9 



46. 40 



DISTRIBUTION" 



25. 4-26. 4 26. 5-27. 



28-29.4 29.5-30.4 30.5-31.9 32-33.4 33.5-34.9 



Old Americans (92) 



Not old Americans (49). 



Percent 

 2.2 

 2.0 



Percent 

 8. 7 



8.2 



Percent 

 21. 7 

 20. 4 



Percent 

 19. 6 

 12. 2 



Percent 

 31. 5 

 38.8 



Percent 

 13.0 

 16.3 



Percent 

 2.2 

 2.0 



Percent 



i. i 



CHEST BREADTH AND AGE 



Members of the Academy 



Old Americans 



Not old Americans 



Old Americans 



at large 



(laboratory 



serias) 



Subjects to 60 years of age, inclusive 



Average 



a 



CV 



Over 60 years of age 



Average 



a 



CV 



55 

 30. 49 ±0. 16 



1. 75±0. 11 



5. 71 ±0.37 



37 

 30. 00 ±0. 23 



2. 09 ±0. 16 



6. 96 ±0. 55 



22 

 30. 48 ±0.23 



1. 59 ±0. 16 



5. 21 ±0. 53 



27 

 30. 22 ±0. 26 



2. 03 ±0. 19 



6. 71 ±0. 62 



246 

 29.76 



1 Transverse diameter, at level of nipples; mean between inspiration and expiration. 





