82 OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS ACADEMY MEMBERS lM ""°$j£ A xxm, 



Table 60. — Chest module versus stature ' 



Members of the Academy 



Old Americans 



Not old Americans 



Old Americans 

 at large (labora- 

 tory series) 



Subjects 



Average 



Minimum 



Maximum 



Range of variation in percentage of the average 



a 



cv 



92 



15. 38 ±0.072 



12.88 



17.85 



32. 31 



1. 03 ±0. 051 



6. 70 ±0. 33 



49 



15. 32 ±0. 101 



13.59 



17.53 



25. 72 



1. 05 ±0. 072 



6. 85 ±0.47 



246 



14.78 



12.02 



19. 41 



50.0 



DISTRIBUTION 



Old Americans (92) 



Not old Americans (49) . 



12.88- 

 12.99 



Percent 

 1.09 



13- 



13.49 



Percent 

 1.09 



13.5- 

 13.99 



Percent 



5. 43 



14. 29 



14- 

 14.49 



Percent 



10. 87 

 8. 16 



14.5- 

 14.99 



Percent 

 17.39 

 10.20 



15- 

 15.49 



Percent 

 23. 91 

 22.45 



15.5- 

 15.99 



Percent 

 16.30 

 20. 41 



16- 

 16.49 



Percent 



7.61 

 8. 16 



16.5- 

 16.99 



Percent 



8.70 

 10.20 



17- 

 17.49 



Percent 

 4.35 

 2. 04 



17.5- 



17.85 



Percent 

 3.26 

 4.08 



CHEST MODULE VERSUS STATURE AND AGE 



Members of the Academy 



Old Americans 



Not old 

 Americans 



Old Americans 

 at large (labora- 

 tory series) 



Subjects to 60 years of age, inclusive 

 Average 



Over 60 years of age 



Average 



55 

 15.33 



37 

 15.45 



22 

 15. 23 



27 

 15. 39 



246 

 14. 78 



1 See the following equation: 



Chest module X 100 



Stature 



That the larger chest and higher chest index of the academicians is not the effect of age is 

 shown plainly in the last parts of the above tables; such small differences as these present are 

 almost surely accidental. 



The Hand 



The measurements apply to the left hand only, both for convenience and because this hand 

 in general is less affected by work and injuries, presenting therefore more faithfully the natural 

 morphological conditions. The two dimensions taken are the length, measured from the mid- 

 point of the proximal wrist line to the end of the medius, and the transverse breadth of the palm 

 across its middle, both taken with the hand in full but not overforced extension. The percental 



relation of the breadth to length I J, gives the hand index, and the mean of the two 



\ HI / 



measurements gives the hand module, a good unit for various comparisons. 



The relative proportions of the hands, and also those of the feet, are of more than ordinary 



interest. They correlate directly and markedly with body and head type, where these are well 



differentiated. There are two main general morphological types of the human body, the dolicho- 



morphous and brachymorphous. The first, when well defined, is characterized by relatively long 



and narrow head (dolichocephaly), tendency toward slenderness of body and taller stature, with 



relatively long and narrow hands and feet; while in the second the body tends to be stockier, 



there is a short and broad head (brachycephaly), and relatively short and broad hands as well 



