104 OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS ACADEMY MEMBERS lMEMO fr 8 OL N "Tm, 



FINAL REMARKS 



The study of the members of the National Academy, herein reported, has furnished both 

 gratifying and interesting results. Gratifying, in that the data second fully the results obtained 

 in previous research on old American stock, and thus give valued support to the conclusion that 

 there already exists in these old families an approach to a distinct American type of white man. 

 Interesting, in the fact that the academicians of both old American and more recent European 

 derivation are closely alike, and that in important characters both surpass the populations they 

 come from, representing not only mentally but also physically what can only be called, it would 

 seem, an aristogenic selection. 



The studies throughout were seriously complicated by the factor of old age and the connected 

 senile changes; fortunately, however, there were enough younger members, particularly in the 

 old American group, to fairly clear up matters. 



The principal results of the study show that the academicians physically and, as far as tested, 

 also physiologically are a remarkably normal group, marked from the same strains of population 

 outside by somewhat greater pigmentation of hair, higher stature, larger and especially broader 

 head, and deeper chest — all of winch speaks for greater vitality. The only justified diagnosis from 

 all this is that the members of the Academy represent essentially sound, large and high quality 

 brains, with sound, and, in the essentials, above the average body. 



No effort was made to contrast the men of different sciences. It is probably true that the 

 individual, as well as the academic, selection in some of the branches is not what it is in others 

 and that some unevenness in physical as well as mental standards residts, but the available num- 

 bers of subjects would have been whoDy inadequate for the detection of such differences. Actu- 

 ally nothing that would have suggested any marked inequalities was observed. 



Relevant studies. — To avoid bias, no search was made in literature for any related studies; 

 which moreover were not believed to exist. As the present manuscript neared its conclusion 

 such a search was begun and while but a single strictly relevant record was found this record 

 brought an astonishing corroboration to our residts. It is published in the International Bul- 

 letin of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters, by the former dean of Polish anthropologists, 

 J. Talko-Hryncewitz. 45 This author took measurement of stature and the head on 331 Polish 

 males at large, and on 121 representatives of the cultured classes, in a large part university pro- 

 fessors and members of the Krakow Academy of Sciences. The results 46 showed that — 



Les classes cultive'es se distinguent par une taille beaucoup plus elev£e et par des dimensions cr&niennes superi- 

 eures, en longeur comme en largeur, et surtout en circonfe>ence horizontale;seule l'hauteur auriculo-bregmatique 

 rest a peu pres la meme. 



Additional studies by the same and other Polish authors, on the common people and the 

 cultured nobility, showed that 47 — 



Emigre 1 la communaute' de race, des dissemblances anthropologiques existent entre le peuple et les classes cultivdes 

 representees par la noblesse. Celle-ci pr£sente un type plus accompli, pour ainsi dire perfectionne' qui se dis- 

 tingue du type paysan par une taille plus 61ev6e, une conformation plus robuste, un type plus fonc6, enfin par des 

 dimensions due crane relativement plus grandee et une brachycephalie plus accentuee. 



That generally a large normal brain and head correspond to above-average mentality, has 

 been known since the studies of Galton, Broca, Bischoff , Welcker, Manouvrier, Matiegka, Donald- 



« Les principaux caracteres anthropologiques du peuple et des classes cultivees en Pologne; Annee 1919 (publ. 1920), 322-326. 

 " Ibid., p. 326. 

 « Ibid., p. 323. 



