ACADEMY OF SC.SKCES] FINAL REMARKS 105 



son, and others. 48 The exceptions to the rule dwindle when the effects of senility, stature, and 

 preservatives are discounted, and when only truly superior mentalities are considered. The 

 latest to deal more comprehensively with the subject are, especially, Spitzka and Donaldson, 49 

 but the whole field is in need of further reconsideration in view of modern recognitions, and of 

 further studies on the living similar to those dealt with in this report. 



So far as the writer's perception and experience are concerned everything points to the con- 

 clusion that, while there may be individual exceptions, if the important factors of age and 

 stature are discounted, the brains and hence heads of lifelong workers of superior mentality are 

 age for age of a larger size than the average of the popidation from which such workers have 

 emerged. A superior intelligence, especially in some one direction, could conceivably exist in a 

 nonpathological brain of any size ; but a lifelong intensive exercise of such an endowment means 

 a lifelong increased blood supply to the brain, which both by its quantity and in its effects on 

 the brain tissues, would tend toward increase in the size of the organ and also to the enlargement 

 of the bony capsule that contains it. 



* 8 von Huschke: Schadel, Hirn und Seele des Menschen. Jena, 1854. 



Welcker (H.): Gebirngrosse und Intelligenz. Infden Aghandl. d. naturforsch. Oes. Halle, 1863, VII, 156. 



Thurnam (J.): Weight of the brain and the circumstances affecting it. London, 1866. Cited by Topinard: Elements d'Anthrop., 1885, p. 646. 

 Broca (P.): Sur la topographic cranio-cerebrale. Bull. Soc. Anthrop., Paris, 1876, V, 193 et seq. 

 Bischoff (Th. L. W.): Das Hirngewicht des Menschen. 1880. 

 Topinard (P.): Elements d'anthropologie gtaerale. 1885. 



Marshall (J.) : On the relations between the weight of the brain and its parts, and the stature and mass of the body in man. J. Anat. and Phys., 

 1892, XXVI, 445. 



Donaldson (H. H.) : The growth of the brain, 1897, 12 mo., London. 



Manouvrier (L.): Rapports du poids et de la forme du cerveau avec l'intelligence. In Diet, de Physiologic de Ch. Richet, 1898, p. 670. 



Oalton (F.): On head growth in students at the University of Cambridge. J. Anthr. Inst., 1899, XVIII, 155 et seq. 



Pearson (K.): On the correlation of intellectual ability with the size and shape of the head. Proc. Roy. Soc. Anthr., 1901, 2, 333-342. 



Matiegka (J.): Uber das Hirngewicht des Menschen. Sitzungsber. kfinigl. bohm. Ges. Wissensch. Prag, 1902. 



Uber d. Bedeutung des Hirugewichte beim Menschen. Anat. Hefte, Wiesbaden, 1904, XXIII, 651-664. 



Berry (R. J. A.) and L. W. G. Buchner: The correlation of size of head and intelligence, etc. Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, 1913, XXV, 229-253. 



Lee, Lewenz, and Pearson: On the correlation of the mental and physical characters in man. Proc. Roy. Soc, 1903, LXXI, 106-114. 



* Pearl (R.): Variation and correlation in brain weight. Biometrika, 1905, V, 13-104. 



Spitzka (E. A.): A study of the brain of six eminent scientists, etc. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc, 1907, I, XXI, 175-308. 



Donaldson (H. H.): A study of the brains of three scholars, etc. J. Comp. Neur., 1928, XLVI, 1-95. 



