No.i.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 51 



tice can not easily be overemphasized. The Division of Psychology has done everything in its power in the first place 

 to avoid injustice, in the second place to remedy it by securing approval of additional appointments. 



For the instructional staff of the School of Military Psychology at Fort Oglethorpe and for the conduct of psycholog- 

 ical service in Camp Greenleaf a staff of five commissioned psychologists is required. 



(e) The Psychological Division is required by general order to maintain at the school for psychological personnel. 

 Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. , a trained reserve and a reserve in training, composed of officers and enlisted men. In view of 

 the varieties of psychological service now in progress, it is believed that the trained reserve of commissioned officers 

 should number 15 men. Since more than 2G0 enlisted men have already been trained and are available for duty in 

 the camps, it will be unnecessary to train any considerable number of psychologists in the enlisted group. It is believed 

 to be desirable to select so far as possible for this service limited service men with proper educational and professional 

 qualifications. This has been done in the past so far as has seemed feasible and will be continued in the future. 



The reserve of commissioned officers in training will, it is believed, be adequately provided for by the regular 

 10 per cent allowance granted in connection with officer personnel. 



The above items under letters (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) meet the specific personnel requirements of general order 

 No. 74; but in addition it is to be noted that the orders provide that commanding officers shall requisition psychologists 

 for various lands of work in accordance with need. It is therefore necessary to enumerate, as in the following paragraph, 

 needs which are existent and demands which, aside from those listed in this paragraph, are urgent. 



7. It is deemed essential by the Division of Psychology, Office of the Surgeon General, that psychological personnel 

 be provided as follows: 



(a) The War Department committee responsible for the organization and conduct of development battalions 

 desires that a well trained and otherwise competent psychologist be assigned in each camp for service on staff of develop- 

 ment battalion. It is understood that he should be responsible for morale work in the battalion as well as for specifically 

 psychological work and certain educational measurements, and that he should assist not only with the classification 

 and rating of men, but also with their training. Since every camp will have its development battalion, 32 commis- 

 sioned officers will be needed. 



On August 31 a letter was addressed to the Chief of Staff by the Surgeon General requesting authorization for 

 appointment in the Sanitary Corps of 32 officers to be assigned to duty in development battalions as officers responsible 

 for morale, mental examining (aside from neuro-psychiatric), and measurements of soldiers' response to training. 



Evidence already accumulated in the form of reports received by the Surgeon General's Office, statements by line 

 officers and officers of the General Staff, indicates convincingly that the assistance of psychologists in development 

 battalions is likely to prove of great and increasing importance and to be urgently desired, requested, and, unless other- 

 wise provided for, requisitioned in accordance with General Orders, No. 74, by commanding officers of these 

 organizations. 



It is believed that the psychological officer assigned to development battalion service can be adequately sup- 

 ported by privates or noncommissioned officers trained in military psychology and that on the whole it is likely to prove 

 desirable to use competent enlisted men for much of this work rather than commissioned psychologists. One com- 

 missioned officer for development work in each camp will be absolutely essential, however. 



(6) At present psychological work is organized and in progress in 27 camps. It is being organized in one additional 

 camp, and has been requested by commanding officers in yet another camp. Several of these camps will not have 

 depot brigades, and therefore would not by order be supplied with psychologists. In view of this situation the Division 

 of Psychology recently telegraphed several camps which lack depot brigades, but in which psychological work has 

 been organized, requesting that permission be granted to remove psychological officers. In every instance this per- 

 mission was refused on the ground that the psychological work was needed in the camp. The indications that this 

 action is based upon substantial evidence of the practical value of psychological work are such that the Surgeon General 's 

 Office does not deem it either wise or expedient to entirely abandon psychological service in camps which lack depot 

 brigades. Since, however, there would be relatively little group examining to be done in these canps and the work 

 would consist chiefly of the study of individuals who proved inapt, unruly, or otherwise difficult to use in the regular 

 organizations, it would be necessary to assign only one psychologist to each of these camps in addition to the psycholo- 

 gist assigned to the staff of the development battalion. 



It is estimated that there will be at least 12 camps lacking depot brigades, but in every sense entitled to and almost 

 without exception desiring psychological service. An allowance of 12 commissioned officers is therefore requested for 

 such assignment. 



Psychological service has not been organized in Camps Beauregard, MacArthur, McClellan, Fremont, or in the camp 

 of limited service men at Syracuse. MacArthur has especially requested the assignment of a psychologist, but lack of 

 officer personnel has rendered it impracticable to attempt to comply with this request. 



(c) The Division of Military Aeronautics has recently requested the General Staff to authorize the application of 

 psychological methods to its enlisted personnel. This request was indorsed by the Surgeon General with the recom- 

 mendation that the existing organization and personnel for psychological service, medical department, should so far 

 as possible be used for conduct of work in the Division of Military Aeronautics. 



The Division of Neurology and Psychiatry of the Surgeon General's Office has repeatedly and insistently requested 

 assignment of a psychological examiner to each neuro-psychiatric board. It is estimated by the chief of this division 

 of the Surgeon General's Office that at least 20 psychologists should be available for such service. The Division 

 of Psychology has never been able to assign men in compliance with these requests because of the shortage of 



