no. i.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 57 



"6. The commanding officer of cantonment, camp, post, or other station in which mental teats are administered, 

 shall see that suitable building or necessary space for proper conduct of this work is provided. At those points where 

 depot brigades are established it is essential that a special building with space equivalent to that of small barracks 

 building be made available. Commanding officers of cantonments or camps may requisition special psychology 

 building if necessary. This should not be done where available building can be assigned and suitably adapted to 

 psychological needs by minor alterations. The psychological building or allotted space should be located near the 

 point of physical examination, personnel classification and assignment. 



"7. Psychological staff shall be composed of officers of the Sanitary Corps and enlisted men of the Medical Depart- 

 ment, trained in military psychology. 



Under direction of commanding officers the psychological personnel present will be supplemented when necessary 

 by enlisted men drawn from such organizations as can best spare them. These enlisted men who are temporarily 

 assigned shall remain on psychological duty only during the examining of large draft quotas and while rush reports are 

 in preparation. 



Psychological staff shall be attached to the camp or other station, not to the Division. It shall be under the control 

 of the chief medical officer, and will be suitably quartered by him. 



"8. It shall be the duty of the chief psychological examiner to see that a reliable mental rating is secured and 

 reported for every recruit and every officer below the rank of field officer. In addition the chief psychological examiner 

 shall, so far as possible, render special service to medical officers, to judge advocates, to commanding officers of organ- 

 izations, to morale officers and educational directors by making special examination of individual cases or gr.ups 

 referred for examination and report. 



" 9. The mental rating of officers or enlisted men shall be considered in connection with assignment, promotion, 

 demotion, rejection, discharge, or court sentence. It shall be used by the personnel adjutant to assist in selecting 

 men of adequate intelligence for a given type of organization, to secure an adequate level of intelligence in different 

 organizations, to guarantee the immediate rejection or discharge of men whose intelligence is so inferior that they 

 can not be used in the Army, to assist in the prompt assignment of men of inferior intelligence to development battalions 

 or labor organizations, to safeguard the interests of the individual and assist the judge advocate in connection with court- 

 martial proceedings. 



"10. When deemed for the benefit of the service at large, the Surgeon General may request that commanding officers 

 of stations where psychological examinations have been held be called upon for recommendation toward the improve- 

 ment of the psychological division and its service. 



The Surgeon General may transmit direct to camp or post surgeons such technical instructions covering the psycho- 

 logical division as he may desire. All such communications will be laid before the commanding officers concerned 

 for their information." 



2. This revision of General Orders No. 74 is necessary , first, because the order is not interpreted uniformly in different 

 camps, and second, because it does not provide for the examining of officers and of all enlisted men. 



Instructions issued by the Adjutant General of the Army, October 8, 1918, require that the intelligence rating of 

 an officer be made available to the personnel board in its review of the qualifications of the officer when he is summoned 

 by said board. The examining of officers below the rank of field officer is necessary in order that intelligence rating 

 may be supplied. 



Paragraph 5 of General Orders No. 74 as originally approved by the Surgeon General and by the General Staff reads: 

 "All recruits arriving at depot brigades or other points where the psychological division is established, will be examined 

 psychologically * * * ," etc. This was subsequently changed as a result of misunderstanding of the nature and 

 purpose of psychological examining to read: "Such recruits arriving at depot brigades or other points where the 

 psychological division is established, as may in the opinion of the commanding officer, require such examination, will 

 be examined * * *," etc. This alteration is extremely unfortunate in its effect because it renders uncertain the 

 availability of the intelligence rating of an enlisted man. 



All camps and cantonments in which psychological service is organized have issued orders requiring that the 

 intelligence rating be entered on the service record and the qualification card. 



Section 5. — Provision of buildings for psychological service. 



In preparing plans for the extension of psychological examining, following the request of 

 the Secretary of War, dated December 24, 1917, the staff of the Division of Psychology sought 

 the advice of various officers of the General Staff and the Medical Department, and in accordance 

 therewith requested that a special building for psychology be constructed in each training 

 camp (pp. 27-29). 



That this request seemed reasonable to the committee of the General Staff which prepared 

 the recommendation, is indicated by the last paragraph of the approval, which reads: 



The Quartermaster General will construct the necessary building at each cantonment for 

 the Examining Board in Psychology, furnish the necessary plain furniture for these buildings, 

 in accordance with plans and specifications submitted by you. 

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