62 MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Vol. xv, 



In accordance with the original plans of the Medical Department special buildings should 

 have been ready for this work not later than April, 1918, but as a matter of fact it was October 

 before the difficulties were so far overcome as to guarantee construction even where buildings 

 were most sorely needed. 



The housing facilities for pyschological examining provided in the various camps are briefly 

 described in Section 6 (infra) on camp organization. The situation in the several camps 

 may be indicated briefly. The special building was constructed in Camp Greenleaf. (Supply 

 company barracks, such as were used in many camps, are shown in pi. 4, A and B, and pi. 6 A, 

 this volume.) A reasonably adequate barracks building or part thereof was provided in Camps 

 Bowie, Dodge, Funston, Grant, Humphreys, Jackson, Lewis, Meade, Pike, Sherman, Taylor, 

 Travis, and Upton. Other types of building, less suitable, were provided in Camps Custer, 

 Devens, Dix, Lee, and the majority of the National Guard camps. 



Section 6. — The organization of examining in camps. 



CAMP ORGANIZATION. 



The efficient organization of psychological examining in a large training camp was an 

 administrative undertaking of considerable magnitude and difficulty. The chief psychological 

 examiner was held responsible for the following important tasks: (a) The organization of an 

 adequate and efficient staff; (b) the training of a reliable clerical force at the strength required 

 by the camp; (c) arrangements for suitable space and equipment for conduct of examinations; 

 (d) arrangement of schedules of examining and for system of reporting results; (e) establishment 

 of profitable cooperative relations between the psychological staff and the personnel adjutant, 

 the headquarters staff, medical officers, and the commanding officers of the principal camp 

 organizations; (/) familiarizing officers of the camp or division with the nature and use of intel- 

 ligence ratings and with the possible values of psychological service to the organizations; (g) 

 organization of methods of classifying, filing, and storing data of examinations ; (h) the discovery 

 and development of new lines of service and the maintenance of a state of preparedness to 

 respond to all reasonable requests for special help. No commanding officer in the psychological 

 service complained that his work was too easy or that it lacked interest. On the contrary, 

 there was extreme eagerness and enthusiasm for this new kind of administrative work and 

 remarkable success was achieved by many chief psychological examiners. 



The following general scheme of staff organization was proposed on the basis of inspection 

 of camp conditions: (1) Chief psychological examiner, responsible for general administration, 

 correspondence and camp contacts; (2) clinical psychologist, responsible for direction of indi- 

 vidual examining, neuro-psychiatric contacts and the study of the success of low grade men ; (3) 

 first assistant psychological examiner, responsible for direction of group examining, oversight 

 of psychological building, scoring of examination papers and handling of records; (4) second 

 assistant psychological examiner, responsible for psychological service to development battalions 

 and relations of the psychological staff to such organizations ; (5) third assistant psychological 

 examiner, responsible for personnel office relations, uses of intelligence ratings, and special 

 assignments. 



To facilitate improvement of psychological service and increase its practical values through 

 the interchange of ideas and varied sorts of information, a monthly bulletin was prepared by 

 the staff of the division of psychology and issued to all examining stations between June and 

 September, 1918. This bulletin proved extremely valuable. Its content was varied and it 

 served at once as a medium of news and of information relating to the conduct of the service. 

 Suggestions from psychological staffs of material that might properly be included in the reports 

 were solicited, although it was necessary to emphasize the military and practical nature of the 

 report. The following quotation is from a letter from the Surgeon General of the Army which 

 accompanied the first number of the report : 



In this monthly report the extreme necessity of intensely practical psychological service will constantly be em- 

 phasized. The psychological staff which renders maximal service to the Army is incomparably more important than 

 that which conducts special investigations or makes interesting statistical studies for more or less impractical scientific 



