No.i.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 65 



6. Number of cases reported for discharge, 1,193; service organizations, 2,245; development battalion, 2,425; 

 regular training, 7,187; special service or training, 300. 



7. Mental age, 6 years or below, 851; 7 years, 1,481; 8 years, 2,882; 9 years, 2,661; 10 years, 1,583; 11 years, 896; 

 12 years, 620; 13 years or above, 426. 



Orders have been requested for the transfer of examiners from various stations to Camp Humphreys, Va., for 

 the organization of a new staff in response to recent demands for examining at that station. The orders provide for the 

 transfer of Capt. Joseph W. Hayes from Camp Upton; First Lieut. Harold A. Richmond, formerly at Camp Dix, from 

 Camp Greenleaf ; and First Lieut. Garry C. Myers from Camp Gordon. In addition 10 enlisted men are to be transferred 

 from Camp Greenleaf to complete the staff organization at Camp Humphreys. Regular psychological service should 

 become well established at this station early in September. 



V. Morale work. 



Morale work has gone forward with increasing success in Camp Greenleaf. It has been extended from the detention 

 section to other sections of the camp, and it is the intention of the commanding officer to make it camp wide. Copies 

 of Maj. Yerkes's report on the Camp Greenleaf work have been requested by numerous officers in Washington as well 

 as in the camps. Everything indicates that it is highly important for the chief psychological examiner in each camp 

 to bring this matter to the attention of the chief of staff or commanding officer in his camp, and in case of interest to do 

 everything possible to further the organization of morale work and to assist with its conduct. The division of psychology 

 is not officially responsible for morale work, and there is no thought of attempting to transform psychologists into morale 

 officers, but just as in the case of Capt. Bassett, who was recently requested by his commanding general to take command 

 of the development battalion of Camp Logan as a major of Infantry, so the division of psychology would feel compelled 

 in case a psychologist could clearly render greater service in that capacity, to approve the transfer necessary for appoint- 

 ment as morale officer. Our sole interest is in the advancement of the military service. The development of our own 

 special and professional interest should constantly be subordinated to military efficiency. The situation must be 

 viewed in the large. 



VI. The School of Military Psychology. 



Formal instruction in military psychology at Camp Greenleaf was temporarily suspended on August 1 . All psy- 

 chological officers and nearly all enlisted psychologists had completed their courses of training on that date. It is 

 expected that about 50 enlisted men required as psychological aids in reconstruction work will shortly be sent to the 

 school when formal training will be resumed. 



For the present, informal instruction, consisting chiefly of actual examining, has been substituted. Some 20,000 

 soldiers of the detention camp and other medical units have now been examined. Arrangements are completed for the 

 examination of new recruits as they arrive at camp. 



Lieut. Anderson has been appointed instructor in psychology and Chief Examiner, Lieut. Frost is extending the 

 scope and improving the character of morale work. Qualified substitutes have been provided for all except 12 of the 

 enlisted psychologists who were on duty as morale soldiers. Lieut. Mertz has been relieved from duty with psychological 

 company No. 1, and assigned to the Camp Greenleaf infirmary to assist in the mental examination of incoming recruits. 



VII. Development battalions. 



The formation of development battalions has given rise to some of the most important problems which have con- 

 fronted the psychological service. The following notes from letters of chief psychological examiners show the great 

 need for practical help in the classification, training, and placement of men in such organizations: 



Camp Sherman, July 22. 1918: * * * I have suggested to our educational director that he classify the men to 

 be developed into three groups according to the intelligence as shown by our records. I also suggested to him that he 

 select his teaching staff with reference to our grading. He has accepted both suggestions and incorporated them in a 

 letter to the proper authorities. The psychological examiner in this camp will undertake to cooperate with the educa- 

 tional director as to the best method of instructing the men in the development battalion. He will also cooperate with 

 the director in reporting progress which these men make. 



Camp Cody, July 20, 1918 : Psychological ratings have been made of all men in the development battalion. About 

 150 were discharged on mental grounds, and the men retained were classified according to mental ability. 



Camp Sevier, July 18, 191S: At request from division surgeon examinations were given to 75 men who had been 

 recommended by their company officers to summary court officer for transfer to development battalion on the ground of 

 mental deficiency or inaptitude. The psychological board concurred in the recommendation of company officers in 

 44 per cent of the cases. The ruling has been made in this camp that in the future the summary court officer must have 

 the recommendation of the psychological board before ordering transfers for mental deficiency or inaptitude. 



Camp Sevier, July 15, 1918: The division surgeon here thinks General Orders, No. 45 should be rewritten to include 

 formal recognition of the necessity of obtaining the recommendation of psychological board before transfers for inapti- 

 tude or mental deficiency. Previous to ruling to this effect at Camp Sevier there was great lack of uniformity among 

 commanding officers in recommending transfers. 



Camp Sevier, July 25, 1918: Preparatory to sending the Eighty-first Division abroad, company commanders were 

 asked to recommend the unfit for the development battalion. Over 300 men were recommended, a number which the 

 camp surgeon believed to be unnecessarily large. As a result of the difference of opinion, 359 men were marched in a 

 body to the psychological examining board for individual psychological examination. Within two days abbreviated 



