no. l.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 69 



Psychological service was more or less completely organized in 35 stations before the 

 signing of the armistice. These stations fall into four groups: (a) Those in which examining 

 was originally organized in September or October, 1917, and where the work continued 

 throughout the period of the emergency; (b) those which were provided for as soon after the 

 official order for extension of psychological examining as suitable officers could be supplied 

 (this group included the majority of camps which received drafted men in considerable num- 

 bers) ; (c) stations which seldom, if ever, received drafted men directly and in which there- 

 fore the need of psychological examining was less urgent than in the former group; and (d) 

 camps which could not be supplied with psychologists until the fall of 1918 because of short- 

 age of officer personnel (this group included a few camps which were not authorized by the 

 War Department until late in 1918). 



It has seemed desirable both for the purpose of giving definite and concise information 

 concerning the principal characteristics of the psychological organization and its service in 

 various camps, and to give due credit to the responsible officer, to devote a few paragraphs to 

 an account of the conditions in each of the 35 stations. 



CAMP BEAUREGARD, LA. 



In October, 1918, the inspector of psychological examining reported that the camp com- 

 mander at Camp Beauregard, the chief of staff of the Seventeenth Division (then in process of 

 formation), and the temp surgeon favored immediate establishment of psychological service. 

 The division and the acting camp personnel adjutants urged that the examining be estab- 

 lished in time to assist in the classification and assignment of the recruits expected to fill 

 the Seventeenth Division. The camp authorities reported that temporary buildings could be 

 supplied. The inspector urged that personnel be sent as soon after the passing of the highest 

 peak of the influenza as possible. 



On November 4 Lieut. Manuel reported from Camp Pike as chief of the psychological 

 service. Subsequently Lieut. Metcalf, from Camp Devens, and Sergt. Larrabee were added 

 to the staff; Lieut. Manuel was assigned to base hospital No. 1, San Antonio, in December. 

 Lieut. Metcalf remained in charge until January. 



The psychological staff upon arrival made immediate arrangements for examining the 

 enlisted personnel in camp and for handling the expected draft. The camp surgeon requested 

 that all men grading A in physical examination in the development battalion be examined 

 mentally as basis of selection for transfer from the battalions. Temporary buildings for the 

 staff and for examining space were obtained in infirmaries and Y. M. C. A. buildings. A 

 clerical force of 57 men was organized to handle the draft that was suddenly stopped by the 

 armistice of November 11, 1918. Since no draft arrived this force was reduced to a staff of 

 6 to 12 men until the practical discontinuance of all work early in December. The principal 

 work during November was the carrying out of special investigations requested by the Wash- 

 ington office. Data were obtained on the relation between ratings by officers and alpha scores 

 with several hundred representative literates, and on the effect of doubling the time in the 

 tests. 



Number enlisted men examined, 2,375; officers, 12. Total individual examinations, 25. 



CAMP BOWIE, TEX. 



Lieut. Wheeler reported as chief of the psychological service at Camp Bowie on April 26 f 

 1918; Sergt. Paynter and Pvt. Coxe, from Camp Greenleaf, in June; and Sergt. Russell and 

 Corpl. Jennings in August. 



The staff at this camp was established slowly and never reached an adequate total. Clerical 

 assistance was difficult to obtain because of incomplete camp organization. The number of 

 men on special detail varied from 6 to 40. 



One entire mess hall and half of an adjoining one were assigned by the surgeon for this 

 service. In May the half building was used for other purposes, though still open for exami- 

 nations. Late in June two entire buildings were assigned the psychological service. In 

 October the staff moved to two one-story supply buildings more centrally located. 



