No.i.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 71 



Characteristics of examining at Camp Cody were largety due to the number of Spanish- 

 speaking Mexican recruits. Examination alpha was given to English-speaking men with 

 more than fourth grade schooling. The remainder were given examination beta, with which 

 verbal instructions (in English and in Spanish) were in use after August 1. The performance 

 scale was little used, being replaced by a Spanish translation of the Point Scale. It was never 

 possible to give individual examination to all low-grade cases. In making recommendations a 

 man's company record was used to supplement low group-examination grade. 



An unusually complete statement of meaning and use of pyschological ratings was pre- 

 pared for camp use. The staff made a study of intelligence levels in different branches of the 

 service. The Thirty-fourth Division having been in training nine months, the officers were 

 able to indicate men most valuable to their branch of the service after practically all transfers 

 had been completed. On the basis of this study the draft quotas were distributed to the different 

 arms in accordance with the previously determined intelligence requirements. At the request 

 of the intelligence officer, the psychological board made a study of the mental and emotional 

 characteristics of the Mexican draft, with suitable recommendations. Psychologist and 

 psychiatrist worked together in many individual examinations, and especially in cases for 

 courts-martial, on which ratings were regularly supplied the judge advocate and made a part 

 of the record. An officer of the psychological board served for a time as assistant judge advo- 

 cate on a general court-martial which tried conscientious objectors. 



The statistical work of the staff, besides the study of arms of the service, dealt mainly 

 with results of examining, including relation of intelligence to schooling. Comparisons were 

 well expressed in graphs. 



Number eidisted men examined, 42,533; officers, 949. Total individual examinations, 517. 



CAMP CUSTER, MICH. 



Lieut. Toll reported as chief examiner in April, 1918. Lieut. Jones reported as assistant 

 examiner at the same time. Sergts. Taub and Dimmick reported from Camp Greenleaf in May; 

 Corpls. Clarke and Johnson, Pvt. First Class Lefton, and Pvt. Kellogg in June; Corpls. Hoche 

 and Jackson in August. The permanent clerical detail assigned by camp order averaged 14 

 men. The temporary detail varied from 6 to 20 additional clerical assistants, according to 

 the size of the draft and speed required in the examining and reporting. The regular staff 

 was too small for the size and importance of this camp. 



The building finally assigned to psychological staff for office quarters was a one-story 

 building, 20 by 60 feet, previously used as a guardhouse. This space was divided into two 

 large rooms and two very small offices. Routine work and individual examining were carried 

 on in this building. Group examinations were held in the various recreation buildings and 

 in certain school buildings, such as the building of the division bayonet school. The particular 

 building used was selected according to its location with respect to the organization being 

 examined. The usual arrangement where these larger auditoriums were used was to have one 

 assigned permanently for certain hours, and for all recruits and units being examined to report 

 to that building regardless of location. The office of the psychological staff was located near 

 the receiving barracks and depot brigade headquarters. The staff at this camp was assigned 

 to duty under the depot brigade surgeon. This in effect localized its activities and limited its 

 authority and opportunity for service. 



Examination alpha was given to white men who were "able to read and write English 

 pretty well" and to negroes who had gone as far as the fifth grade in school. Men unable to 

 take alpha, or making less than 50 (weighted score), were reported as "illiterate" and were 

 given examination beta. Short scoring of alpha blanks before the group was dismissed was at 

 first the regular procedure. Beta faUures were recalled for individual examination. 



The psychological examination took place after all others; intelligence ratings were there- 

 fore not available at the time of the personnel and other interviews. During the July draft, 

 however, four examiners were detailed to work with the psychiatric board dealing with recruits 

 referred for rejection. Practically all the lowest-grade recruits were rejected by this procedure. 



